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Nota:
Esta página todavía se está escribiendo, de modo que estará lista para ser utilizada cuando se libere la versión estable de Mageia 5. Algunos de los enlaces no van a funcionar todavía.

Introducción

Medios de instalación disponibles

Mageia tiene dos tipos de medios de instalación:

  • DVD ISO and Dual-arch DVD ISO, which use the instalador tradicional. Encontrará todos los "controladores no libres" sólo en las isos DVD 32 y DVD 64. Las ISOS duales, son más compactas para usuarios avanzados, solo los controladores de red no libres están incluidos. Tendrá que añadir los repositorios no libres, si necesita alguno más.
  • Las ISOS live DVD y CD, su pueden utilizar directamente desde el DVD/CD para probar previamente la distribución y realizar también la instalación de Mageia en su disco duro.

Para más información visite la medios de instalación página.

Encontrará la información de su descarga en la página de descargade Mageia; descargas directas (ftp and http) y BitTorrent están disponibles.

Repositorios online de Mageia

El software Mageia se encuentra en tres repositorios diferentes, dependiendo del tipo de licencia que se aplica a cada paquete. He aquí un resumen de esos repositorios:

  • Core: El repositorio "Core" incluye paquetes con software libre, de código abierto, es decir, paquetes licenciados bajo una licencia libre de código abierto, el conjunto de repositorios "Core" junto con "Core Release" y Core Updates" están disponibles por defecto.
  • Nonfree: El repositorio "Nonfree" incluye paquetes que son libres de cargo, es decir, Mageia puede redistribuirlos, pero contienen software de código cerrado (de ahí el nombre "no libre"). Por ejemplo este repositorio incluye los controladores propietarios para tarjetas NVIDIA y AMD/ATI, el firmware para varias tarjetas Wifi, etc. El conjunto de repositorios "Nonfre" se añade por defecto, pero no está activado por defecto.
  • Tainted: El repositorio "Tainted" incluye paquetes liberados bajo una licencia libre. Los principales criterios para la colocación de los paquetes en este repositorio, es que pueden infringir las patentes y derechos de autor en algunos países, por ejemplo, códecs multimedia necesarios para reproducir diferentes archivos de audio/vídeo; paquetes necesarios para reproducir vídeo DVD comercial, etc. El conjunto de repositorios "Tainted" se añade por defecto, pero no está activado por defecto, a fin de comprobar sus leyes locales antes de utilizar los paquetes de este repositorio.

Este repositorio solamente se añade para la comodidad de los usuarios. Este repositorio es como PLF para usuarios de Mandriva o RPM Fusion para usuarios de Fedora.

  • Tenga en cuenta, que en un sistema de 64 bits, también se añaden los repositorios de 32 bits. Si están habilitados los repositorios de 64 bits "Nonfree" o "Tainted", los correspondientes repositorios en 32 bits también deben ser activados, ya que son necesarios para algunos paquetes, tales como Skype.

Nuevas características

  • btrfs ahora se admite como un sistema de archivos principal, cuando lo selecciona para /boot (o /sin una particion /boot separada) grub2 será elegido y configurado automáticamente.
  • grub2 (opcionaly no por defecto) trabaja mejor ahora, y detecta otros sistemas operativos instalados, y los agrega al menu de arranque grub2.
  • La instalación en equipos con UEFI es ahora más sencilla.
  • El tema estándar usado ahora es Adwaita, en lugar de Oxígeno-gtk, ya que éste rompe con gtk+-3.14.
  • Packaging:
    • We now use the new standard for weak dependencies.
    • Our packages’ spec files use the new standard for dependencies’ exclusion (making them less different from Fedora/Suse/etc. packages).

Instalación

Soporte para Alpha/IA64/PPC/SPARC se ha eliminado.

Etapa 1

  • Incluido el controlador de red paravirtual para Hyper - V.
  • Ahora se carga automáticamente el controlador de la plataforma.

Etapa 2

  • Ahora se usa el tema Adwaita en vez del tema Oxygen-GTK.
  • La integración UEFI funciona mucho mejor (ver más abajo).
  • El programa de instalación no se bloquea cuando se ejecuta dentro de Virtual PC (siempre funcionó vien bajo Hyper-V).
  • Dispositivos de entrada:
    • We now rely on the modern evdev driver (+udev) for input devices instead of the old mouse & keyboard drivers.
    • Wacom tablets should work better (we now use the proper Wacom driver again).
    • Synaptics touchpads should now work during install (mga#11524).
  • Users are now created with User-IDs (= UIDs) bigger than 1000 instead of the previous 500.
  • Partitionning:
    • Allow btrfs for / without separate /boot with grub2 (mga#15374)
    • Add "nofail" option to "foreign" mountpoints to avoid unwanted recovery mode (#10179)
    • Quite a lot of improvements were done for GPT (see below)
    • Don't guess a drive letter for ESP partitions & recovery partitions (mga15636)
    • use the windows partition with the most available space on selected disk, not the last one across all disks (mga#15589)
    • Ignore special partitions:
      • on mmc (mga#15759)
      • ESP & Recovery on GPT
      • Detect Lenovo recovery & 'SYSTEM_DRV' as such (mga#1371)
    • GUI improvements:
      • Improve the display box (mga#15728)
      • Fix too wide buttons (mga#12422, mga#13471, mga#14839, mga#15379)
    • Suggest up to 20GB/20% of the windows partition (whichever is larger) vs previously 6GB/10% (mga#15589)
    • Fix creating RAID devices (mga#15400)
  • Ensure we install kernel-firmware-nonfree and/or radeon-firmware if needed (mga#15203)
  • Fix upgrade when package's in several media (mga#15350)

UEFI

UEFI is now supported for 64 bits installations. Note that if you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which is not in UEFI, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.

Quite a lot of work has been done in order for Mageia to install smoothly under UEFI:

  • we reuse the existing ESP or create one if needed
  • it's now possible to create a custom boot.iso that performs an automatic installation (previously this was only supported on !UEFI)
  • we ignore special recovery GPT partitions
  • fix kernel booting in blind mode (mga#15291)
  • fix taking screenshots on UEFI 24bit bpp framebuffer (mga#13684)
  • It's now possible to recover such an install
  • fix installing grub2 on UEFI

GPT partitioning

Various fixes were done regarding GPT partitioning:

  • We now default to use GPT partitioning instead of full disk LVM on disks bigger than 4GB.
  • Set the proper GUID for ESP, swap, NTFS, LVM, RAID
  • We detect properly special partitions

Hardware support

The installer now configures the boot with "noiswmd" so that Intel soft raid works (mga#11105). Thus we manage isw_ bios fakeraids with dmraid for now (instead of mdadm) (mga#11289, mga#14330)?

Grub2 Integration

Grub2 Integration was completed:

  • We now generate a /boot/grub2/install.sh script like we do for grub-legacy (/boot/grub/install.sh).
  • It's now possible to recover a bogus grub2 installation.
  • A failsafe entry is added like for other bootloaders (mga#15675)
  • Log grub2 config in report.bug like for grub/lilo
  • Keep vga= parameter when switching to grub2 (mga#9888)
  • Check there's still some place on /boot with grub2 too
  • UEFI:
    • fix detecting grub2 on UEFI
    • generate core.img for UEFI

Debugging

The installer was improved:

  • more logs regarding GPT/Grub2; eg: partition layout before/after, mkinitrd & grub2-install failures (mga#9201, mga#15439)
  • support loading patches from NTFS USB keys

Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n)

  • Firefox and Thunderbird have been now automatically install the proper -l10n-xx language pack according to installed locales-xx package. If multiple locales-xx packages are installed, the proper one should be selected to match the primary language that is configured for the system.
  • The man-pages-de package has been fixed: it now contains more then 530 man pages instead of 0 as before. (Thanks to Mario Blaettermann for the bugreports and fixes.)

Package management

New RPM

RPM has been upgraded to 4.12.0.1. See http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.12.0 for details.

New weak dependencies management

rpm-4.12 brings official support for suggests/recommends/enhances/... tags, which differs from the previous implementation we used

As it's a new implementation, old tags were renamed (eg: RPMTAG_SUGGESTS => RPMTAG_OLDSUGGESTS) and new tags were introduced (eg: RPMTAG_SUGGEST)

Our packages now uses the (new) Recommends: tag instead of the (old) Suggests: one. Accordingly urpmi options have been renamed (eg: --no-suggests -> --no-recommends.

Urpmi will handle both old Suggests (as inserted by rpm < 4.12) & new Recommends tags (as inserted by rpm-4.12+). However, packages built with "Suggests:" with rpm-4.12 would use the new suggests tag which will be ignored by urpmi.

Mapping table:
rpm < 4.12.0 (old names) rpm >= 4.12.0 (new names)
RPMTAG_RECOMMENDSNAME RPMTAG_OLDRECOMMENDS​NAME
RPMTAG_SUGGESTSNAME RPMTAG_OLDSUGGESTSNAME
n/a RPMTAG_RECOMMENDNAME
n/a RPMTAG_SUGGESTNAME
  • The first column shows tags inserted by the older RPM when the spec files contain a "Suggests: " line.
  • The second column shows tags inserted by new rpm-4.12 when the spec files contain a "Suggests: " line.
  • The tags in italic are not supported by urpmi. It only supports the old "suggests" tags (second line) and the new "recommends" tags (third line).

As such, format of synthesis files in media has been slightly changes. For mga5+, there are now "@recommends@" lines instead of "@suggests" ones

New dependencies generators

For some years, RPM supported two way to generate dependencies when building packages:

  • the old so-called "external" generators
  • the new so-called "internal" generators

Most distributions have switched to the new "internal" generators but we were still using the old "external" generators.

Mageia 5 has switched to use the new "internal" generators. This brings many advantages, e.g.:

  • It's much faster to build packages.
  • We don't rely on some technology we're among the last ones to use.
  • We don't rely on some old forked rotting scripts, anymore.
  • Our specs are more compatible with Fedora/Suse ones.
  • We get automatic dependencies for OCaml, and for other technologies.

For more explanations, read:

As a side effect, the dependencies excluding mechanism has been changed. It's extensively documented here

perl-URPM & urpmi

A hard-coded limit was fixed which prevented updating mga4 to mga5 due to some packages having a provides list longer than 64k characters.

Gurpmi will now runs drakbug when it crashes or segfaults, in order for us to get meaningful bug reports.

Tools

Authentication

Other

389-Directory Server

The 389 Directory Server [1] a high end LDAP server

* Install the meta-package 389-ds. It will pull in the following sub-packages:

389-ds-base 389-ds-console 389-admin 389-admin-console-doc 389-dsgw 389-admin-console 389-ds-console-doc 389-console 389-adminutil

Kolab Groupware Server

Kolab-3.1 a Kolab is a secure, scalable and reliable groupware server. It is formed by a number of well-known and proven components and adds intelligent interaction between them. There's a web administration interface, management of free-busy lists and resources, synchronization for several devices and more. Various clients can access Kolab, among them "Kontact" (KDE), Outlook (Windows) and Roundcube (Webmail). Best of all, Kolab is Free Software, so you are free to use, study, share and improve it [2].

* The version we provide meets kolab-3.3 except cyrus-imapd (needed version 2.5)
* Install the meta-package kolab, it will pull in all requirements, including the 389-ds.

Base system

Kernel & hardware support

  • Mageia 5 ships with kernel 3.19, including the long awaited DMA-BUF + fences support (something that is needed as a base for proper upstream optimus & powerplay support).

All hardware managed by kernel-3.19 is enabled.

Wacom tablets should work better during installation. Moreover, Synaptics touchpads should now work during install bug 11524.

Nvidia drivers

Recently, NVIDIA dropped support in their latest driver for the following range of chips: GeForce 8xxx, 9xxx and 100 to 415.
As a result, a new nvidia package had to be split out for those cards, it is now called nvidia340. Integration for this has been added to drakx11/XFdrake so the usual auto-detection for the correct driver should work again.
So there is now nvidia304 for GeForce 6xxx and GeForce 7xxx cards, the above-mentioned nvidia340 and nvidia-current for GeForce 420 and later cards.

If you perform an upgrade, the X.org config will be automatically fixed by the harddrake service on first boot.

init system

  • The remaining sysvinit legacy tools have been dropped.

Graphical environments

MageiaWelcome

X Window System (X11)

Mageia 5 ships with X.Org 1.16.4.

KDE

KDE 4.14.3 & Plasma 5.1.2 are provided.

It has a specific Live-DVD or can be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer).

GNOME

GNOME 3.14 is provided

It has a specific Live-DVD or can be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer).

For those prefering good old GNOME2, GNOME3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.

LXDE

It can be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer).

XFCE

It can be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer) or the Dual-arch DVD ISO.

LXQT (replacing RazorQt)

LXQt is the successor of RazorQt and replaces it during upgrades from Mageia 4. For more details also check the Errata entry
It cannot be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer) as there is simply not enough space to include all desktop environments and the packages they depend upon.
Online media need to be added to enable selection during initial installation - this is explained in installer documentation

Mate

It can be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer).

Cinnamon

It can be installed from the DVD ISO (Traditional installer).

Enlightenment

It comes in its E18 latest version based on the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries.

Light window managers

Mageia 5 also provides a pletory of small and efficient window managers such as afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, lightdm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, windowmaker.

Office apps

Libreoffice has been updated to 4.4. See official release notes for details.

Games

Education

Software Development

gcc has been updated to 4.9, gdb to 7.8.1 & valgrind to 3.10.1.

KDE Frameworks 5

Mageia 5 brings KDE Frameworks 5 version 5.5.

Miscellaneous

  • HandBrake - an open source video trans-coder has finally been added back into Mageia. This is possible as it no longer includes faac and fdk-aac encoders. It now also supports x265 encoding.
  • The Transmageddon video converter now supports VAAPI hardware acceleration.
  • Phototonic has been added. It is a fast, lightweight, clean looking Qt/C++ photo viewer and organizer.
  • freshplayerplugin has been added - it is a wrapper that enables firefox to use the latest pepperflash flash player plugin that comes with Google Chrome. Latest pepperflash plugin still has to be downloaded manually, as it only comes with Google Chrome and Mageia cannot ship it by default. For more details see this forum thread , which offers a script that can automatically download the latest pepperflash plugin. (It is only needed if you do not want to install the latest Google Chrome and only want to use it in firefox.)
  • The mailcap package has been completed updated and synced with Fedora
  • Amateur Radio - Additions to the selection of radio related software in this release are: xdx, freedv, chirp and splat.
  • SDR - gqrx has been added to complement gnuradio, and offers an easy entry to the world of Software Defined Radio. Support for a wide range of SDR hardware is included.
  • Thanks to Juan Luis Baptiste, official docker images for Mageia are now available at the official docker site. For more details see this mailing list post on mageia developer mailing list. Docker and Docker Registry are now also package for Mageia 5, allowing you to use and manage your containers.

Upgrading from Mageia 4

Please also read the known issues page.

Upgrading from Mageia 4 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But as always, it is very advisable to back up any important data before upgrading and make sure you have made all updates of Mageia 4 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading from Mageia 3 or another distribution is not supported.

If 3rd party repositories, such as google have been added during the use of Mageia 4, include /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg in the "important data". The contents of that file can then be used to re-add the 3rd party repositories, after the upgrade.

There are several ways to upgrade from one of the previous Mageia releases:


Warning: Upgrading an existing install using a LiveCD is NOT supported due to the LiveCD’s image being copied "as is" to the target system.

If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which is NOT in UEFI, and now it is, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.


Upgrading via the Internet

The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, will notify you that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.

If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI (mgaonline) or the CLI (urpmi). Both methods are outlined below.

First make sure you have the latest updates for your currently running release prior to upgrading.

Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI)

If you do not see that mgaonline notifies you that there is a new release, check your options with mgaapplet-config

Or

su
mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=5

It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 5 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start migration.

Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI)

You can also upgrade using urpmi from your favorite terminal emulator. Here are the general upgrade steps:

  • Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:
su
urpmi.removemedia -a
  • Add the Mageia 5 online sources, either:
    • Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):
su
urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.5.$ARCH.list'
(Where $ARCH is either i586 or x86_64)
    • Using a specific media mirror:
su
urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>
You can get the mirror_url using the Mageia mirrors web application.
  • Finally start upgrading:
su
urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto
  • It's best to run the above command twice as in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.

Using the traditional Mageia 5 DVD to Upgrade

You can use the traditional (so non-Live) Mageia 5 DVD to do clean installs but also to upgrade from previous releases.

To upgrade:

It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories. This is especially important if you use important 32bits packages in a otherwise 64bits install, because the 64bits iso will only contain the 64bits packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.

Moreover, it is possible that Mageia 4 may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, the upgrade may fail to complete. Since, at the time the ISO's are tested it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 4 packages may be updated in the future, offline upgrades (i.e. upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported.

On the first reboot use the command 'urpmi --auto-update' to make sure all packages were updated.

Known issues

See the Errata page.

Bug reporting

We have a bug tracker, but please read the Errata before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see how to report a bug.

Obsoleted packages

  • postgresql9.0, postgresql9.1 and postgresql9.2 have been dropped, Mageia 5 providing postgresql9.3 and postgresql9.4. If you use one of the former on Mageia 4, make sure to dump your database before the upgrade, so that you can restore it once your system has been updated to postgresql9.4.
  • gwibber and couchdb packages have been dropped, they were unmaintained and not usable - the GNOME friends service should be a fine replacement for gwibber.
  • openstack has been dropped as it was unmaintained with a lot of open security issues.
  • ruby-rails has been dropped as it was unmaintained.
  • wings3d has been dropped as it does not work under Mageia 5 and the required erlang packages are missing.
  • zarafa has been dropped as there has been no feedback from upstream on required security fixes see bug 14993.
  • unused standard C libraries have been dropped: musl, klibc, uClibc (only glibc & dietlibc are now provided).

For more details on other packages that have been dropped since Mageia 4 release please have a look at logs or details of the task-obsolete package in our Subversion repository.