https://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Lpsolit&feedformat=atomMageia wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T16:08:25ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.16https://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Bugzilla&diff=59721Bugzilla2023-10-27T01:12:28Z<p>Lpsolit: /* More information */</p>
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<div>[[Category:Bugsquad]]<br />
[[Category:Bugzilla]]<br />
[[Category:Contributors]]<br />
[[Category:Documentation]]<br />
[[Category:QA]]<br />
[[Category:Triage]]<br />
<br />
{{multi language banner|[[Bugzilla-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Bugzilla|English]] ; [[Bugzilla-es|Español]] ; [[Bugzilla-fr|Français]] ; [[Bugzilla:_Hata_Bildirim_Sistemi|Türkçe]]}}<br />
<br />
== What is Bugzilla ==<br />
<br />
Bugzilla is a “Defect Tracking System” or “Bug-Tracking System”. Defect Tracking Systems allow individuals or groups of developers to keep track of outstanding bugs in their product effectively. Most commercial defect-tracking software vendors charge enormous licensing fees. Despite being “free”, Bugzilla has many features its expensive counterparts lack. Consequently, Bugzilla has quickly become a favourite of hundreds of organizations across the globe.<br />
<br />
== What Does Bugzilla Do? ==<br />
<br />
* Track bugs and code changes<br />
* Communicate with team mates<br />
* Submit and review patches<br />
* Manage quality assurance (QA)<br />
<br />
<br />
Bugzilla can help you get a handle on the software development process.<br />
Successful projects often are the result of successful organization and communication.<br />
Bugzilla is a powerful tool that will help your team get organized and communicate effectively.<br />
<br />
== More about Bugzilla ==<br />
<br />
This tool is a product of the Mozilla foundation.<br />
More information on [http://www.bugzilla.org/ www.bugzilla.org]<br />
<br />
== How to report a bug ==<br />
<br />
Please check [[How_to_report_a_bug_properly|How to report a bug (properly)]]<br />
<br />
== How to describe a bug ==<br />
<br />
This part is VERY important because with your description, the developer must be able to reproduce your bug.<br />
<br />
To describe a bug, you must give:<br />
<br />
* Description of problem:<br />
<br />
{{pre|<nowiki>While I was trying to... (I explain what I was doing).<br />
The ... crashed by displaying (I explain the bug with all the details I can provide!).<br />
Here is my error message : "..."<br />
* Environment<br />
* Distribution: $version ($ cat /etc/mageia-release)<br />
* Kernel: $version ($ uname -rm)<br />
* Name_of_the_packages_of_the_bug: $version ($ rpm -qa | grep name_of_the_package)<br />
* Desktop environment: $version (KDE, GNOME, LXDE, ...) <br />
* Xorg: $version (# cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep "X Window")<br />
<br />
* My hardware (if needed)<br />
* Graphic card (if needed)<br />
* My hard drive chipset (if needed)<br />
* My peripherals (if needed)</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
* Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable)<br />
* How reproducible<br />
* Steps to Reproduce<br />
# Give each...<br />
# ...step required to...<br />
# ...reproduce the bug!<br />
<br />
{{warning|'''Now that you have reported a bug, remember to follow it up and reply to the dev/packager about it.'''}}<br />
<br />
== More information ==<br />
<br />
* [https://bugzilla.readthedocs.io/en/5.0.4/using/index.html Link to the official Bugzilla website]<br />
* [https://bugs.mageia.org Link to Mageias Bugzilla]<br />
<br />
[[Bug_Squad_Portal|Go to the Bug Squad Portal]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Mageia_8_Notes_de_version-fr&diff=49196Mageia 8 Notes de version-fr2020-12-14T19:18:30Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Nginx */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Bandeau multi-langues-fr|[[Mageia 8 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 8 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_8|Español]] ; [[Mageia_8_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] ; }}<br />
<br />
''' ''Mageia 8 n’est pas encore disponible. C’est en cours de réalisation.'' '''<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Mageia est un système d’exploitation libre de la famille GNU/Linux, qui peut être installé sur les ordinateurs soit comme système d’exploitation principal, soit comme système alternatif avec un ou plusieurs systèmes préinstallés (''double amorçage''). C’est un projet communautaire soutenu par l’organisation à but non lucratif Mageia.org, composée de contributeurs élus. Mageia est développé par et pour sa communauté d’utilisateurs, et convient à toutes les personnes, des nouveaux utilisateurs GNU/Linux aux développeurs avancés ou aux administrateurs systèmes.<br />
<br />
La dernière version stable du projet Mageia, Mageia 8 a été développée depuis plus d’un an. Elle sera prise en charge avec des mises à jour de sécurité et des corrections de bogue pendant 18 mois, jusqu’au XX XXXXX 202X.<br />
<br />
=== Supports d’installation disponibles ===<br />
<br />
Mageia fournit deux Supports d’installation distincts :<br />
<br />
* Les '''ISOs Classiques''' (Supports 32-bit, et 64-bit), qui utilisent l’ [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/8/en/content/index.html interface classique de DrakX]. Les ISO de DVD 32 et 64 bits contiennent tous les environnements linguistiques (locales) supportés, une grande variété de paquets parmi lesquels il est possible de choisir (y compris la plupart des environnements de bureau pris en charge) et '''tous les pilotes non libres'''. L’utilisation de paquets non libres peut être désactivée pendant l’installation.<br />
<br />
* '''Les ISOs autonomes''' peuvent également être utilisés pour avoir un aperçu de la distribution, et constituent une alternative d’installation pour disposer de Mageia sur votre disque dur. Les supports autonomes comprennent les environnements de bureau Plasma (64 bits), GNOME (64 bits) ou Xfce (32 ou 64 bits). Le support autonome contient toutes les langues et paramètres régionaux supportés, un large support matériel, et une présélection de logiciels, ce qui permet de commencer plus rapidement à travailler avec Mageia. Notez que nous avons ajouté une fonction de [[Supports_d'installation-fr#Persistance_avec_des_périphériques_mémoire|persistance]] optionnelle qui préserve les fichiers des utilisateurs et la personnalisation du système au prochain démarrage, optionnellement chiffrée. Le mode de persistance nécessite « moins » de RAM. Astuce : Pour optimiser votre installation, vous pouvez désinstaller des paquets, voir [[Supprimer_des_paquets-fr#USB_autonome_Persistent|USB autonome persistent]] et davantage sur cette page.<br />
<br />
Toutes les images ISO peuvent être gravées sur un DVD ou [[Supports d'installation-fr#Copier une image ISO de Mageia sur un périphérique USB|écrites sur un périphérique USB]]. Faites attention à la capacité de la clé, par exemple, une image de 4 Go peut être trop grosse pour certaines clés indiquées à 4 Go en raison de l’arrondi de la taille en Go.<br />
<br />
Pour plus d’informations, veuillez consulter notre page de documentation concernant les [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/fr/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html media d’installation].<br />
<br />
Vous trouverez les différentes options de téléchargement sur la [http://www.mageia.org/7/ page de téléchargement Mageia 8] : les téléchargements directs (FTP et HTTP) et BitTorrent sont disponibles.<br />
<br />
=== Les dépôts en ligne de Mageia ===<br />
<br />
Les logiciels inclus dans Mageia sont répartis dans trois dépôts/médias différents, selon le type de licence appliquée à chaque logiciel. Voici un aperçu de ces dépôts :<br />
<br />
* '''Core''' : Les dépôts Core (de base) contiennent les paquetages de logiciels libres et open-source, c’est-à-dire les paquetages sous licence libre et open-source, l’ensemble des médias Core est ajouté par défaut et les dépôts « Core Release » et « Core Updates » sont activés par défaut.<br />
* '''Nonfree''' : Les dépôts Nonfree comprennent des paquets qui sont offerts et libres de redistribution, mais contiennent des logiciels à source fermée (d’où le nom – Nonfree). Par exemple, ces dépôts comprennent des pilotes de cartes graphiques propriétaires NVIDIA et AMD/ATI, des micrologiciels pour diverses cartes Wifi, etc.<br /><br />
L’ensemble des médias Nonfree (non-libres) sont '''activés par défaut''' mais peuvent être désactivé, si nécessaire, lors de l’installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''' : les dépôts Tainted (« contaminé », « entaché ») contiennent des paquetages sous différentes licences, celles qui sont libres et non libres, mais le principal critère pour placer les paquetages dans ces dépôts est qu’ils peuvent enfreindre des brevets ou des lois sur le droit d’auteur (copyright) dans certains pays (par exemple les codecs multimédia nécessaires pour lire des fichiers audio/vidéo de différents types, les paquetages essentiels pour lire les DVD vidéo du commerce…)<br/><br />
L’ensemble des médias Tainted sont configurés, mais sont '''désactivés''' par défaut, c’est-à-dire qu’ils nécessitent un consentement préalable, donc vérifiez vos lois locales avant d’utiliser les paquetages provenant de ces dépôts.<br/><br />
Ces dépôts sont uniquement ajoutés pour raisons de commodité pour les utilisateurs. Ils sont à Mageia ce que le dépôt RPM Fusion est à Fedora, mais avec une plus haute qualité, car ils sont exclusivement conçus par les développeurs de Mageia.<br />
<br />
Veuillez également noter que sur un système 64 bits, '''les dépôts 32 bits sont configurés, mais sont arrêtés par défaut'''. Si les dépôts Nonfree ou Tainted 64 bits sont activés, les dépôts 32 bits correspondant devraient aussi être activés (en Release et en Update), car ils peuvent être nécessaires pour d’autres paquetages comme {{prog|PlayOnLinux}} ou {{prog|Steam}}.<br />
<br />
Dans le cas où vous voulez installer de tels paquets qui ont des dépendances sur les paquets de dépôts 32 bits, comme PlayOnLinux ou Steam, veuillez vous assurer que « Core 32bit Release » et « Core 32bit Updates » soient activés.<br />
<br />
== Principales nouveautés de la version ==<br />
<br />
=== Analyse plus rapide des métadonnées des paquets ===<br />
<br />
Les métadonnées Urpmi sont compressées avec Zstd au lieu de Xz ce qui permet une analyse plus rapide.<br />
<br />
=== Python2 a pratiquement disparu ===<br />
<br />
La plupart des modules et logiciels python2 ont été supprimés.<br />
<br />
=== Support ARM ===<br />
<br />
Le portage ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing Machine) continue sur sa lancée avec Mageia 8 avec des améliorations.<br />
Le noyau est disponible pour ARMv7 et AArch64.<br />
<br />
Il n’y a pas d’installateur traditionnel pour l’instant, et il est encore considéré comme expérimental, mais la plupart de la distribution a été construite avec succès sur les deux architectures (voir notre [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html aperçu de l’état ARM] pour informations). Il est prévu de proposer des images d’installation pour les périphériques ARM populaires dans les prochains mois. Il n’y a pas de date prévue pour l’instant, au moment de la sortie de Mageia 8.<br />
<br />
Drakboot est maintenant en mesure de mettre en place l’UEFI sur AArch64.<br />
<br />
== Principaux développements ==<br />
<br />
=== Installation ===<br />
<br />
==== Étape 1 ====<br />
<br />
* Le support matériel a été étendu pour pouvoir démarrer le programme d’installation sur des ordinateurs très récents<br />
* Le support NFS se fait à l’aide d’outil système plutôt qu’à l’aide de notre code NFS bifurqué il y a 15 ans, ce qui a permis d’obtenir le support de NFSv4 & co…<br />
* L'étape 1 prend en charge le chargement de l'étape 2 par Wi-Fi chiffré WPA2 ({{bug|9541}}).<br />
<br />
==== Étape 2 ====<br />
<br />
* Beaucoup de corrections de bogues et d’améliorations dans l’outil de partitionnement.<br />
* L’image Squashfs de la phase 2 est désormais compressée avec Zstd au lieu de Xz pour un démarrage plus rapide<br />
* Support des systèmes de fichiers :<br />
** Assistance lors de l’installation sur F2FS (en mode expert)<br />
** Support Nilfs2 amélioré : peut maintenant être reformaté ou redimensionné (mais n’est pas encore adapté comme système de fichiers en raison de fonctionnalités manquantes)<br />
** XFS peut maintenant être redimensionné même s’il n’est pas sur LVM (à condition que la partition ait de la place pour être agrandie)<br />
** Les systèmes de fichiers exFAT sont affichés comme les systèmes FAT & NTFS (mais exFAT ne peut pas être redimensionné)<br />
** La fonctionnalité ("[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#CompactOS_algorithms Compact OS]") du systéme de fichier Ntfs qui peut être utilisé par Windows 10 est désormais prise en charge par l’utilisation du [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#CompactOS_algorithms greffon system-compression de ntfs-3g]. ({{bug|21737}})<br />
* La configuration du chargeur d’amorçage est désormais plus fiable : nous conservons l’ancien grub.cfg tant que upgrade-grub2 ne l’a pas remplacé ({{bug|25542}})<br />
* L’installation minimale sur LUKS est amorçable.<br />
<br />
==== Le mode de secours (Rescue) ====<br />
<br />
Le système de secours a été amélioré.<br />
* L’image des squashfs Rescue Stage2 est maintenant compressée avec Zstd au lieu de Xz pour un démarrage plus rapide.<br />
* il est légèrement plus rapide à charger (moins de modules sont chargés et nous ne forçons pas les types de systèmes de fichiers)<br />
* il est capable de réparer les LVM/LUKS chiffrés ({{bug|22795}})<br />
<br />
==== ISO autonome ====<br />
<br />
* Le démarrage et l’installation de l’ISO autonome sont désormais beaucoup plus rapides, grâce à une détection optimisée du matériel et à l’utilisation de Zstd pour compresser le système de fichiers de base<br />
* L’ISO autonome démarre maintenant sans configurer X.Org, grace au mode automatique de X.Org<br />
* Diskdrake permet désormais d’ajouter des partitions à des ISOs autonomes sur des clés USB ({{bug|25224}}).<br />
* l’ISO autonome démarre maintenant sans configurer X.Org, en s’appuyant sur le mode automatique de X.Org<br />
* Si l’ISO autonome est installé sur une clé USB avec une partition persistante, cette partition peut maintenant être chiffré ({{bug|25191}})<br />
* L’installateur de l’ISO autonome prend désormais en charge la mise en place de médias en ligne et l’installation de mises à jour<br />
<br />
==== Support matériel ====<br />
<br />
* ARM v7 & AArch64 sont maintenant des architectures en quelque sorte principales dans la mesure où tous les paquets y sont désormais construits<br />
<br />
=== Régionalisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ===<br />
<br />
==== Manuels d’utilisations ====<br />
<br />
* Les manuels pour l’installateur traditionnel et pour le Centre de Contrôle Mageia ont été (partiellement) traduits dans beaucoup plus de langues, voir [http://www.mageia.org/fr/doc/ notre documentation officielle]<br />
* Une capture d’écran en anglais est utilisée lorsqu’une capture d’écran traduite est indisponible pour un manuel HTML.<br />
* Les manuels PDF et EPUB sont uniquement créés si plus de la moitié des captures d’écran traduites dans la langue locale sont disponibles.<br />
<br />
==== Traductions des logiciels ====<br />
<br />
De nouvelles traductions ont été ajoutées, tandis que d’autres ont été améliorées. Merci à notre communauté de traductrices et de traducteurs dévoués pour leur excellent travail.<br />
<br />
=== Gestion des paquetages ===<br />
<br />
==== Nouveau RPM ====<br />
<br />
RPM a été mis à niveau en version 4.16.0.<br />
<br />
Le RPM 4.16 offre des améliorations essentielles au RPM dans son ensemble, notamment :<br />
<br />
* ajout de la détection et de l’optimisation automatique des SSD (désactivé par défaut sur Linux). <br />
* ajout de la synchronisation du système de fichiers à la fin des transactions (rhbz:1461765)<br />
* ajout également de fonction de hachage cryptographique SHA256 aux en-têtes gpg-pubkey.<br />
* Ajout de la prise en charge des méta-dépendances (p. ex. Necessite (meta) : somepkg) qui n’affectent pas la gestion des commandes d’installation/effacement (rhbz#1648721)<br />
* Prise en charge des générateurs de macros paramétriques<br />
* Avertissement explicite en cas d’utilisation d’un RPM v3 obsolète (#1007)<br />
* Exécution plus rapide des processus :<br />
** Optimisation de plusieurs processus au moyen de la parallélisation jusqu’à %_smp_build_ncpus <br />
** Optimisation de plusieurs processus au moyen de la parallélisation des threads jusqu’à %_smp_build_nthreads (mais limité au nombre de 4 sur les plateformes 32 bits)<br />
** Prise en charge des processus parallèles dans brp-strip<br />
** Priorisation des gros paquets lors de la rédaction des paquets<br />
* Dorsale :<br />
** Le système dorsal de la Base de Donnée Berkeley est désormais considéré comme obsolète<br />
** Ajout d’une implémentation indépendante du support BDB en lecture seule (expérimental)<br />
** ajout d’une nouvelle dorsale de base de données basée sur SQLite (expérimental)<br />
** Le NDB n’est plus à l’état expérimental<br />
<br />
Plus d’informations sur les changements de RPM 4.14 (qui a été livré avec Mageia 7) à RPM 4.16 sont disponibles sur le site de RPM :<br />
* RPM 4.16 : http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.16.0<br />
* RPM 4.15 : http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.15.0<br />
<br />
==== DNF : Le gestionnaire de paquets alternatif ====<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) a été introduit comme alternative à urpmi depuis Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF est un outil de nouvelle génération de résolution des dépendances et de gestion des paquets de haut niveau qui tire son origine d’un double projets : YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) de Fedora et SAT Solver (libsolv) d’openSUSE. DNF est issu de YUM depuis plusieurs années afin de le réécrire pour utiliser la bibliothèque SAT Solver d’openSUSE et de restructurer massivement la base de code afin de fournir une API robuste pour deux raisons : étendre DNF (via des plugins et des hooks) et pour construire des applications basées dessus (comme des interfaces graphiques et des structures pour la maintenance des systèmes automatisés).<br />
<br />
DNF est livré avec un système amélioré de rapports de pannes, un suivi avancé des vulnérabilités, le support pour les grandes dépendances (voir les notes de publication de RPM pour plus de renseignements à ce sujet), et des informations plus détaillées sur les transactions pendant l’exécution des actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 8 est livré avec DNF v4.2.23.<br />
<br />
Les mises à jour du système à l’aide de DNF sont prises en charge. Voir le [[#Mise à niveau en ligne, à l’aide de DNF (CLI)|paragraphe sur la mise à niveau avec DNF]] dans les notes de version pour plus d’informations.<br />
<br />
Pour plus d’informations sur la modularité : https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
Les notes de version de DNF peuvent être consultées ici https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
Avec les nouvelles installations par le biais des médias classiques et autonomes, DNF sera installé en parallèle avec urpmi. Selon la méthode utilisée pour la mise à niveau vers Mageia 8, il peut être nécessaire d’installer le paquet {{Prog|dnf}} pour le rendre disponible.<br />
<br />
Pour de plus amples informations sur l’utilisation du DNF, veuillez vous référer à la page wiki : [[Utilisation de DNF-fr|Utilisation de DNF]].<br />
<br />
==== AppStream ====<br />
<br />
Nos dépôts RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) (utilisés par DNF et PackageKit) fournissent des métadonnées AppStream. Des outils comme GNOME logiciel (GNOME Desktop, empaqueté en tant que {{Prog|gnome-softwre}}) et Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, empaqueté en tant que {{Prog|discover}}) tirent parti des métadonnées AppStream pour améliorer et faciliter la recherche, l’identification et la gestion des applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream est une initiative de plusieurs distributions pour améliorer les référentiels logiciels en standardisant les métadonnées des composants logiciels. Il fournit une vue de l’application orientée sur les dépôts de paquets et les spécifications pour les éléments nécessaires à la création des centres d’applications conviviaux.<br />
<br />
Consulter le site AppStream pour plus d’informations : https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
==== perl-URPM et urpmi ====<br />
<br />
* Doc bénéficie de nouvelles améliorations (p. ex.: [https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/URPM/URPM.pm URPM] & [https://metacpan.org/pod/urpm urpm] & CPAN)<br />
* [http://fast-matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=urpmi urpmi]/[http://fast-matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=URPM perl-URPM] supporte une plus large gamme de versions de rpm, de rpm-4.9 à la dernière version 4.16, de perl-5.8 vers perl-5.32<br />
* Diverses corrections de bogues ont été apportées.<br />
* Urpmi supporte l’option --reinstall<br />
* Les métadonnées Urpmi sont compressées avec Zstd au lieu de Xz (analyse plus rapide)<br />
* n’active pas les médias 32-bit par défaut sur les systèmes 64-bit ({{bug|24376}})<br />
** sauf sur les systèmes avec EFI 32 bits, où nous avons besoin du support Core 32 bits pour le chargeur d’amorçage<br />
* Lorsque vous ajoutez des médias pour la distribution, activez les médias 32 bits au besoin ({{bug|24438}})<br />
<br />
=== Outils ===<br />
<br />
==== Centre de Contrôle Mageia ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Autres ====<br />
<br />
===== MageiaWelcome =====<br />
<br />
L’écran de ‘Bienvenue’, qui est une application qui s’affiche lors du premier démarrage, a été retravaillé pour présenter une approche linéaire. Les étapes se succèdent dans un ordre logique et apportent les éléments importants à savoir et à faire pour tirer le meilleur de son installation récente. Par défaut, cet écran sera lancé à chaque démarrage, mais ce comportement peut être modifié. Même si l’option « Afficher cette page au démarrage » est désactivée, ce programme pourra être exécuté à tout moment (« Bienvenue sur Mageia »).<br />
<br />
Sous le capot, Mageia Welcome a recours à Python et QML. La fenêtre peut maintenant être redimensionnée et elle utilise les polices du bureau.<br />
<br />
===== Isodumper =====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper : écrire une image ISO sur une clef USB-fr|Isodumper]] est un outil pour produire des images ISO sur des périphériques mémoire, livré avec une fonction de vérification améliorée après l’opération d’écriture. Il recherche le fichier de somme sha3 et la signature correspondante.<br><br><br />
La partition « persistante » supplémentaire peut désormais être également chiffrée. Elle sera reconnue uniquement pour les images ISO de Mageia 8 et des versions ultérieures. Consulter [[Supports d'installation-fr#Persistance avec des périphériques mémoire|ce paragraphe]] pour plus d’informations.<br />
<br />
===== Docker =====<br />
<br />
L’écosystème Docker (basé sur la version 19.03 du moteur) a été enrichi de nombreux outils supplémentaires tels que docker-compose (orchestration avec support v3), containerd (contrôle de démon runC), docker-registry (partage d’images), docker-machine (installation docker sur un système distant) et python-docker (bibliothèques python 2 et 3 pour gérer les API moteurs).<br />
<br />
===== Outils CD autonome =====<br />
<br />
Avec Mageia 8, les outils CD autonomes ont été redéfinis vers la dernière version. (v27.0).<br />
<br />
Pour plus d’informations sur l’utilisation des outils CD autonome, veuillez consulter : [[Utilisation des outils LiveCD-fr|Utilisation des outils de CD autonome]]<br />
<br />
===== draklive2 =====<br />
<br />
Le mode GUI a été amélioré pour inclure l’étape de résumé de l’outil d’installation classique, permettant une configuration facile des locales, des fuseaux horaires, des services système et des pare-feu. L’étape de sélection des paquets individuels comprend maintenant un mode simple liste, supprimant les restrictions sur les paquets qui peuvent être sélectionnés.<br />
<br />
Pour plus d’informations veuillez consulter : [[draklive2-fr|draklive2]]<br />
<br />
===== PCMemTest =====<br />
<br />
Il s’agit d’une divergence et d’une réécriture majeure de l’utilitaire de test de mémoire Memtest86+. Contrairement à Memtest86+, PCMemTest peut être aussi bien utilisé avec l’UEFI qu’avec l’ancien BIOS (avec la limitation suivante, à savoir qu’au démarrage de l’UEFI, la saisie au clavier fonctionne uniquement si le CSM est activé dans le BIOS). PCMemTest remplace Memtest86+ comme utilitaire de test de mémoire sur toutes les ISO de Mageia. Il peut également être installé dans le système d’un utilisateur, où il sera automatiquement ajouté au menu de démarrage du système.<br />
<br />
=== Système de base ===<br />
<br />
==== Noyau et prise en charge matériel ====<br />
<br />
* Mageia 8 est fourni avec le noyau 5.9.<br />
La version de ce noyau permet de gérer n’importe quel matériel. Le noyau offre un meilleur support graphique grâce à Mesa 20.3.<br />
* D’autres variétés de noyaux sont incluses, en particulier, kernel-linus (un stock de noyau Vanille sans patch supplémentaire). Consultez [[Les types de noyaux-fr|Les types de noyaux]] pour plus d’informations.<br />
* Les séquenceurs d’entrées/sorties à file unique ont été supprimés en amont depuis les noyaux 5.0. Si vous avez besoin de l’utilitaire ionice, envisagez d’installer un nouveau paquet {{pkg|ionice-scheduler}} qui active le séquenceur BFQ pour les disques rotatifs.<br />
* cpupower et powersave <br><br />
Il y a eu quelques changements à ce sujet dans la version 5.9, si vous utilisez intel_pstate (pour Sandy Bridge ou les processeurs Intel plus récents). Le comportement par défaut des CPU qui ne prennent pas en charge la gestion de l’état P-states (HWP) géré par le matériel a été modifié et vous devrez ajouter le paramètre du noyau intel_pstate=active pour rétablir le comportement précédent si le nouveau paramètre entraîne une baisse des performances. (Consulter le bogue {{bug|27191}}).<br />
<br />
==== Pilotes graphique ====<br />
<br />
Mesa à été mis à jour vers Mesa 20.3.<br />
<br />
Les pilotes graphiques utilisent désormais la nouvelle implémentation libGL (familièrement appelée « glvnd » : GL Vendor Neutral Dispatch) qui a été développée pour résoudre plusieurs problèmes liés au support OpenGL sur les systèmes Linux modernes.<br />
* Les utilisateurs et utilisatrices auront la possibilité d’installer Mesa et des pilotes GL tiers en parallèle et de les faire fonctionner.<br />
* Cela permet des performances et des fonctionnalités supplémentaires pour les configurations GPU hybrides (ordinateurs portables haut de gamme, par exemple).<br />
<br />
===== Système X Window (X11) =====<br />
<br />
Mageia 8 est fourni avec X.Org 1.20.10.<br />
<br />
===== Pilotes vidéo AMD =====<br />
<br />
* Mageia 8 utilise les pilotes vidéo libres pour les cartes graphiques AMD/ATI, AMDGPU pour les cartes plus récentes et Radeon pour les cartes graphiques plus anciennes. En comparaison avec Mageia 7, le support matériel a été accru et les performances ont été améliorées.<br />
Le pilote propriétaire AMDGPU-PRO fonctionne actuellement uniquement avec X.Org 1.1xx, il ne peut donc pas être utilisé dans Mageia 8.<br />
<br />
* Dans le cas des cartes hybrides, la solution exposée avec le [[#Ordinateurs portables avec Optimus|pilote nouveau]] et le prefixe DRI_PRIME=n [https://www.mageialinux-online.org/forum/topic-24180+rex-installation-mageia-6-sur-hp-dv7.php fonctionne également], au moins avec le pilote Radeon.<br />
<br />
===== Pilotes vidéo NVIDIA =====<br />
<br />
* Les pilotes libres Nouveau actuels sont fournis. Par rapport à Mageia 7, ces pilotes offrent un meilleur support matériel et de meilleures performances.<br />
* Les paquets des derniers pilotes propriétaires de NVIDIA (les derniers pilotes compatibles avec Linux 5.9, 455.45.01 au moment de la rédaction) sont fournis dans les dépôts des médias nonfree.<br />
<br />
====== Pilote propriétaire NVIDIA ======<br />
<br />
Un changement en amont dans le noyau 5.9 n’expose plus certains symboles GPL à un binaire non libre.<br />
Voir [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=0fd9cc6b0c72245375520ffc8d97ce5857b63b94 ce changement de validation dans le noyau ici].<br />
<br />
La situation actuelle est la suivante :<br />
* un module « nvidia » qui autorise une interface graphique fonctionnelle avec accélération 2D et 3D.<br />
* un kernel_trap non bloquant sur le module « nvidia_uvm » ou « nvidia_drm » à chaque démarrage qui peut être vu dans le journal système ({{bug|27435}})<br />
* CUDA 10.2.89 est fourni mais ne fonctionne plus sous le noyau 5.9.x.<br />
* OpenCL ne fonctionne pas non plus pour le moment.<br />
<br />
Si vous comptez sur ces fonctions, nous vous déconseillons de passer à la version Cauldron ou d’utiliser le noyau 5.7.19 de Mageia 7.<br />
<br />
Nous attendons un changement en amont pour les pilotes Nvidia.<br />
<br />
* Pour les cartes graphiques plus anciennes, les pilotes propriétaires NVIDIA des branches 340 et 390 sont toujours fournis (390 étant pris en charge sur x86_64 uniquement).<br />
<br />
====== Ordinateurs portables avec Optimus ======<br />
<br />
Les propriétaires d’ordinateurs portables NVIDIA Optimus (processeur graphique Intel intégré et GPU NVIDIA additionnel) peuvent désormais bénéficier de la puissance de leur GPU additionnel de trois manières différentes : <br />
* Les pilotes libres Nouveau prennent en charge GPU Prime, ce qui peut être utilisé via la variable d’environnement DRI_PRIME=1 (sauf si le pilote NVIDIA propriétaire est exploité par mageia-prime entre autres). Reportez-vous à la [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ documentation de Nouveau] pour voir comment configurer Xorg pour utiliser NVIDIA Prime avec DRI3.<br />
* Comme dans Mageia 7, le paquet [[Bumblebee|Bumblebee]] peut être utilisé pour relier le moniteur au GPU NVIDIA, permettant d’accéder à sa puissance de traitement, mais avec une charge additionnelle.<br />
* Un nouvel outil expérimental nommé {{Prog|mageia-prime}} peut être utilisé pour configurer NVIDIA Prime pris en charge par les noyaux Linux récents et les serveurs Xorg. Il permet de passer complètement à l’utilisation du GPU NVIDIA sans la charge de Bumblebee, et est particulièrement adapté pour être utilisé avec CUDA.<br />
<br />
Dans les trois cas, lors de la configuration des pilotes graphiques, il suffit de configurer la carte Intel (au moins dans la plupart des configurations Optimus), car elle est généralement la seule connectée physiquement à un moniteur.<br />
<br />
==== Chargeur d’amorçage ====<br />
<br />
* GRUB2 est passé à la version [https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/grub.git/tree/NEWS?h=grub-2.04 2.04] et certaines fonctionnalités et corrections de bogues ont été incorporées à partir de la future version 2.06.<br />
* Pour le démarrage UEFI, le [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ Gestionnaire de démarrage rEFInd] est maintenant pris en charge en tant qu’alternative à GRUB2.<br />
<br />
=== Environnements graphiques ===<br />
<br />
Tous les environnements de bureau mentionnés ci-dessous sont inclus dans les dépôts en ligne de Mageia, et peuvent être installés en parallèle sur n’importe quel système Mageia 8. Certains d’entre eux sont également inclus sur les supports physiques, Support Autonome et Supports classiques, comme indiqué dans chaque section.<br />
<br />
==== Plasma ====<br />
<br />
Plasma, le nouvel environnement de bureau de la communauté KDE, est fourni en version 5.20.4.<br />
<br />
Si vous voulez essayer Plasma sous Wayland, installer uniquement Plasma-workspace-wayland, et il devrait apparaître dans la liste des environnements de bureau de votre gestionnaire d’affichage préféré.<br />
<br />
Notez également que la session Wayland avec les pilotes non libres 455 (actuels) de Nvidia est disponible en s’assurant que « nokmsboot » est supprimé et que « nouveau.modeset=0 » est passé à la ligne de commande du noyau.<br />
Il est fourni en tant que démontration technologique pour les personnes qui testent.<br />
<br />
Simple Desktop Display Manager (SDDM) est le gestionnaire d’affichage par défaut pour l’environnement Plasma.<br />
<br />
Plasma possède un Support Autonome spécifique de 64 bits et il peut également être installé à partir de l’image ISO classique (installateur traditionnel).<br />
<br />
==== GNOME ====<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.38.1 est fourni. Il s’exécute maintenant par défaut avec Wayland, mais fournit également une session alternative « GNOME sur Xorg ».<br />
Notez qu'avec les pilotes nonfree de Nvidia, GNOME démarre par défaut une session X11.<br />
<br />
Une session « Gnome Classic » est également fournie pour celles et ceux qui préfèrent le comportement de GNOME 2.<br />
<br />
GNOME possède un Support Autonome spécifique de 64 bits et il peut également être installé à partir de l’image ISO de l’installation classique.<br />
<br />
==== LXDE ====<br />
<br />
L’environnement de bureau très léger et basé sur GTK+2 est toujours disponible et continue d’être amélioré en amont et par notre mainteneur Mageia, même si la communauté s’est partiellement recentrée sur LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE peut être installé à partir de l’image ISO de l’installation classique.<br />
<br />
==== Xfce ====<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.16pre2 est fourni.<br />
<br />
Xfce dispose de Supports Autonomes 32 et 64 bits dédiés et peut également être installé à partir de l’image ISO classique (installateur traditionnel).<br />
<br />
==== LXQt ====<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.15.0 est fourni.<br />
<br />
LXQt ne peut pas être installé directement à partir de l’image ISO classique (installateur traditionnel) dû à des contraintes d’espace sur les DVD.<br />
<br />
Les médias en ligne doivent être ajoutés pour permettre plus d’options lors de l’installation initiale – ceci est expliqué dans notre [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/fr/content/add_supplemental_media.html documentation].<br />
<br />
==== MATE ====<br />
<br />
MATE 1.24.0 est fourni.<br />
<br />
MATE peut être installé à partir de l’image ISO classique. Mais, à cause des contraintes de volume de données sur le support DVD, certaines applications comme mate-screenshot (utilisaire de capture d’écran) ne sont pas incluses dans l’image ISO. Les utilisateurs doivent installer le paquetage {{pkg|task-mate}} après l’installation initiale pour obtenir un environnement complet. <br />
<br />
==== Cinnamon ==== <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.8 est fourni.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon peut être installé à partir de l’image ISO classique (installateur traditionnel).<br />
<br />
==== Enlightenment ====<br />
<br />
Le groupe de paquetages Enlightenment est disponible avec E24.0 et les Bibliothèques de la Fondation Enlightenment (EFL), -- y compris les paquets Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders et Evas-generic-players. Parmi les points forts de cette version, citons la prise en charge de Bluez5, un outil de capture d’écran amélioré, un module de contrôle musical plus flexible, le moniteur du système Evisum et l’agent d’authentification Polkit-EFL désormais intégré. Pour plus de détails sur cette version, voir https://www.enlightenment.org/news/e24.0<br />
<br />
Bien sûr, Mageia comprend l’interface utilisateur Econnman de E pour le gestionnaire de connexion Connman, ainsi que trois applications EFL : l’émulateur de terminal avancé Terminology, la visionneuse d’images Ephoto agile et le lecteur vidéo léger Rage. Comme pour la version précédente, Mageia 8 propose également un thème propre à Mageia par défaut.<br />
Pour ceux qui sont nouveaux ou qui reviennent à E, les processus et les applications de démarrage ne sont pas automatiquement récupérés dans /etc/xdg/autostart, mais sont activés au démarrage en allant dans {{menu|Menu principal > Paramètres > Applications > Applications de démarrage}}} et en ajoutant les applications et les processus système souhaités. La boite miniature d’Enlightenment, qui utilise les notifications SNI appindicator, est un module séparé qui doit être chargé ({{menu|Menu principal > Paramètres > Modules}}) et ajouté à une tablette (panel), où les applets Mageia en ligne et de mise à jour seront affichées avec d’autres. Les applications Gtk avec appindicator (par exemple, le greffon indicateur Ubuntu pour Pidgin) ont maintenant leurs icônes correctement affichées aussi.<br />
<br />
Actuellement, deux problèmes ont été identifiés. Tout d’abord, Mageia permet à systemd-networkd de gérer la mise en réseau par défaut. Ceux qui préfèrent utiliser connman avec l’interface Econnman constateront qu’il n’est pas toujours fonctionnel (après avoir désactivé systemd-networkd et activé connman.service), peut-être en raison de la configuration par défaut de wpa_supplicant. (Un gadget indépendant de connexion sans fil est développé depuis peu pour administrer des gestionnaires réseaux multiples, mais il n’est pas encore inclus dans les dépôts de Mageia.) Deuxièmement, les thèmes E17 encore présents dans le dépôt ne fonctionnent pas avec les versions ultérieures de E. Des thèmes supplémentaires peuvent être trouvés à l’adresse https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/ -- veillez simplement à sélectionner des thèmes actualisés, car la thématique a été modifiée et des icônes ont été ajoutées dans les versions les plus récentes de E.<br />
<br />
==== Gestionnaires de fenêtres légers ====<br />
<br />
Vous pouvez aussi garder votre installation Mageia 8 encore plus légère, et nous fournissons pour cela une pléthore de petits gestionnaires de fenêtres efficaces. Vous pouvez trouver afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, et windowmaker. Après l’installation, ils apparaissent dans le menu de connexion de votre gestionnaire d’affichage.<br />
<br />
===== IceWM =====<br />
<br />
Vous trouverez désormais « icewm » et « icewm-session » dans le menu de connexion de votre gestionnaire d’affichage (1.6.4).<br />
<br />
À partir de IceWM 1.2.13, il existe un nouveau binaire nommé « icewm-session ». Ce binaire vous aide à gérer toutes les composantes d’IceWM (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup et shutdown, démarrés dans cet ordre). '''Par conséquent, vous devez utiliser icewm-session pour démarrer une session IceWM complète'''. Choisir « Icewm » ne fera que démarrer le gestionnaire de fenêtres lui-même.<br />
<br />
=== Applications bureautiques ===<br />
<br />
LibreOffice est passé à la version 7.0.2. Voir les [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/7.0 official notes de publication officielles] pour plus de détails.<br />
<br />
=== Logiciels multimedia ===<br />
<br />
Le dernier brevet ayant expiré en avril 2017, l’encodage mp3 est maintenant valable dans les dépôts Core. Il est, toutefois, toujours nécessaire d’utiliser les dépôts Tainted pour l’encodage H.264, H.265/HEVC et AAC.<br />
<br />
=== Éditeurs de texte ===<br />
<br />
* Vim est passé en version 8.2.1522<br />
* NeoVim 0.4.3 est également inclus<br />
<br />
=== Jeux ===<br />
<br />
Dans la communauté Mageia, notre amour pour les logiciels libres s’étend aux jeux open source. Un effort considérable au cours du cycle de développement de Mageia 8 a été fait pour empaqueter de nombreux nouveaux jeux, faisant de Mageia 8 une très bonne plateforme pour les joueurs réguliers et occasionnels. Vous pouvez aller sur Mageia App DB (la base de donnée des applications Mageia) pour voir une liste [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/7/withrelease/8/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 de tous jeux nouveaux et mis à jour dans Mageia 8].<br />
La section suivante ne donne que quelques exemples choisis pour chaque catégorie de jeu.<br />
<br />
=== Éducation ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 8 est livré avec un ensemble d’anciennes et nouvelles version de [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. Les précédentes versions sont basées sur la boîte à outil GTK+ et ont davantage d’activités. Les moutures actuelles utilisent Qt et apportent quelques activités inédites. Nous avons [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris/ fait partie des donateurs en février 2015] pour l’amélioration de l’interface graphique de ce projet très important.<br />
<br />
=== Développement Logiciel ===<br />
<br />
==== Compilateurs et outils ====<br />
<br />
Glibc est passé en version 2.32.<br />
GCC est passé en version 10.2, GDB en 10.1 et Valgrind en 3.16.1.<br />
LLVM est monté en version 11.0.<br />
<br />
Firebird a été mis à jour dans sa version 3.0.6<br />
<br />
IPython a été mis à jour en version 7.18.<br />
<br />
La plupart des librairies ont été mises à jour dans leurs versions stables la plus récente (assistance longue durée quand cela est disponible), comme Qt 5.15 et GTK+ en 3.24.23.<br />
GTK est également fourni en version 3.99 (GTK4)<br />
Tcl/Tk est en version 8.6.10.<br />
<br />
Ocaml a été mis à jour en version 4.10<br />
<br />
La pile Java a été mise à jour en version 11, java 8 est toujours disponible mais n'est pas la version par défaut.<br />
<br />
Mono a été mis à jour en version 6.10<br />
<br />
La pile MinGW a été mise à jour.<br />
<br />
==== Groupe de virtualisation ====<br />
<br />
QEmu a été mis à jour en version 5.2.<br />
libvirt est maintenant disponible en version 6.9, virt-manager en version 3.2.0, libguestfs en version 1.42. <br />
<br />
VirtualBox est en version 6.1.16.<br />
<br />
Xen est en version 4.14.<br />
<br />
==== Groupe de langages ====<br />
<br />
Python 3 est passé en version 3.8.5.<br />
Python 2 est en cours de retrait (la plupart des modules python2 ont déjà été supprimés).<br />
<br />
Perl a été mis à jour en version 5.32.<br />
<br />
Ruby est passé en version 2.7.2.<br />
<br />
Rust est en version 1.48.0. Il sera mis à jour pendant la durée du support de Mageia 8 afin de suivre les nouveaux développements.<br />
<br />
PHP est passé en version 8.0.0, ce qui permet d’améliorer encore les performances.<br />
<br />
=== Applications serveur ===<br />
<br />
==== Nginx ====<br />
<br />
La nouvelle installation du serveur http nginx utilise l’utilisateur « apache » :Les serveurs web de Mageia sont censés utiliser l’utilisateur « apache » créé par le paquet webserver-base (qu’ils doivent ensuite demander). Ce paquet n’utilise plus un utilisateur « nginx » qui corrige le bogue {{bug|26183}}<br />
<br />
==== Nextcloud ====<br />
<br />
Dans Mageia 8, Nextcloud est disponible en version 20. Mageia 7 est livré avec Nexcloud 15 dans le dépôt {{media|core release}}. L’installation de Nextcloud ne doit pas sauter une version majeure ! C’est pourquoi '''avant''' de passer à Mageia 8, vous devez mettre à jour Nextcloud successivement en version 16, 17, 18 puis 19. Vous trouverez ces versions dans les dépôts {{media|backports}} de Mageia 7. Pour chaque mise à jour, assurez également que les applications sont disponibles (elles sont actualisées en utilisant l’interface Nextcloud) dans la mesure où certaines sont plus faciles à désactiver ou à désinstaller. Vérifier en outre que Nexcloud fonctionne après chaque actualisation et consultez les journaux. Avant de commencer le processus, il est recommandé de faire des sauvegardes. Nous avons d’anciennes instructions sur [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/OwnCloud#Upgrading le wiki]. Malheureusement, celle-ci sont encore incomplètes, vous l’aurez compris.<br />
<br />
==== MongoDB ====<br />
<br />
La version du serveur MongoDB est la 4.1.4. Comme la licence a changé après cette version et que cette licence n’est pas communément reconnue comme open source, nous n’avons pas de version 4.2.<br />
<br />
== Mise à niveau depuis Mageia 7 ==<br />
<br />
{{Note-fr|Veuillez également lire la page consacrée aux [[Mageia_8_Errata#Upgrade_issues| problèmes connus]] : chapitre « Problème de mise à niveau ».}}<br />
<br />
La mise à jour de Mageia 7 est prise en charge et a été peaufinée au cours des derniers mois, elle devrait donc fonctionner. Mais comme toujours, il est recommandé de '''sauvegarder les données importantes avant la mise à niveau'''. Vous devez également vous assurer que '''toutes les mises à jour''' de Mageia 7 (y compris les rpm et urpmi) soient installées. La mise à jour à partir de Mageia 6 (ou de distributions antérieures) n'est pas prise en charge.<br />
<br />
Si vous souhaitez mettre à niveau un système 64 bits, ce dernier peut contenir un ou plusieurs logiciels 32 bits. Ce n’est pas un problème à condition que cela '''n’inclue pas''' les bibliothèques de développement. Vous pouvez les identifier par le mot « devel » dans le nom. Pour savoir si votre système contient de telles bibliothèques, vous pouvez utiliser la commande :<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}}<br />
Vous devez désinstaller ces bibliothèques avant de procéder à la mise à niveau.<br />
<br />
Si des '''dépôts tiers''', tels que Google, ont été ajoutés lors de l’utilisation de Mageia 7, veillez à effectuer une sauvegarde/copie de /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
Il existe plusieurs méthodes de mettre à niveau depuis Mageia 7 :<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Avertissement : La mise à niveau d’une installation existante à l’aide de l’une des images Autonome n’est '''PAS''' prise en charge, car cette image est copiée telle quelle sur le système cible.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Si vous souhaitez mettre à niveau une installation Mageia antérieure qui n’était '''PAS''' en UEFI, vers une Mageia 7 en mode UEFI, vous devez effectuer une installation complète. La mise à niveau directe n’est pas prise en charge.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
=== Mise à niveau par internet ===<br />
<br />
L’applet de notification des mises à jour '''vous informera''' qu’une nouvelle version de Mageia est disponible, et, vous demandera si vous souhaitez effectuer une mise à niveau. Si vous acceptez, la mise à niveau se déroulera sans aucune autre intervention.<br/><br />
<br />
Si vous avez désactivé l’applet, ou si elle ne tourne plus de manière automatique pour une raison quelconque, vous pouvez effectuer la mise à niveau manuellement soit en utilisant l’interface graphique ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) ou la ligne de commande ({{cmd|urpmi}}/{{cmd|dnf system-upgrade}}). Les deux méthodes sont détaillées ci-après.<br />
<br />
Avant de commencer la montée en version, faites une mise à jour complète de votre système et assurez-vous que vous disposez de suffisamment d’espace disque libre (au moins 2 Go, selon la configuration).<br />
<br />
{{Note-fr|Dans la mesure du possible, utilisez une connexion Internet filaire, surtout si vous avez recours des pilotes Wi-Fi non libres.}}<br />
<br />
==== Mise à niveau en ligne, avec mgaonline (GUI) ====<br />
<br />
Si Mageia Online n’affiche pas une icône bleue dans la barre d’état vous offrant l’option de mise à niveau vers la nouvelle version de Mageia : <br />
<br />
1. Si Mageia Online n’affiche pas une icône bleue dans la barre d’état vous offrant l’option de mise à niveau vers la nouvelle version de Mageia :<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/8/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. Dans le Centre de Contrôle Mageia / Gestion des Logiciels / Configurer la fréquence des mises à jour, assurez-vous que l’option « Vérifier la disponibilité de nouvelles versions de Mageia » soit sélectionnée.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/8/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Cherchez dans votre dossier personnel un répertoire caché, {{Folder|.MgaOnline}}. S’il y a un fichier {{file|mgaonline}} dans ce répertoire, supprimez ce fichier.<br />
<br />
Après un redémarrage, l’icône de mise à niveau bleue doit apparaître lorsque Mageia Online vérifie les mises à jour.<br />
<br />
Lorsque Mageia 7 a atteint sa fin de vie, vous verrez une icône orange et une fenêtre contextuelle vous avertissant que Mageia 7 n’est plus pris en charge.<br />
<br />
Vous pouvez également lancer le processus de mise à niveau en saisissant dans un terminal :<br />
<br />
{{sudo-fr|user|mageia.org|<nowiki>mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=8</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Cela vous informera de la disponibilité de la nouvelle distribution de Mageia 8, configurera les sources et lancera la migration.<br />
<br />
==== Mise à niveau en ligne, à l’aide d’urpmi (CLI) ====<br />
<br />
Le système de démarrage étant déjà en train de déchiffrer la partition, cette méthode est utile lorsque la partition racine est chiffrée.<br />
<br />
Il existe plusieurs solutions pour obtenir une interface de ligne de commande (CLI).<br />
<br />
La meilleure méthode pour effectuer une mise à niveau est d’utiliser le niveau d’exécution 3 afin que le serveur X et l’environnement graphique ne soient pas en cours d’exécution.<br />
<br />
De ce fait, en utilisant le niveau d’exécution 3, la mise à niveau devrait être plus propre en comparaison avec l’utilisation du terminal, car moins de programmes sont en cours d’exécution, ce qui pourrait potentiellement gâcher la mise à niveau.<br />
<br />
Si vous avez installé {{cmd|dnf}}, vous devez désactiver la mise à jour du cache, en raison d’un plantage d’urpmi lors de l’exécution de la mise à jour. Les instructions sont décrites ci-dessous. Consulter le bogue [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25072 25072]<br />
<br />
Le niveau d’exécution 3 peut être activé en ajoutant « 3 » à la ligne de commande du noyau en l’éditant au démarrage pour obtenir ensuite une invite de connexion. Une autre option est d’utiliser la commande :{{cmd|systemctl isolate multi-user.target}}<br />
<br />
Il est sage d’exécuter {{cmd|script upgrade_log.txt}} pour capturer les messages de mise à niveau avant de lancer les commandes qui vont suivre, juste au cas où une panne se produirait. Les messages des commandes seront enregistrés dans le fichier {{file|upgrade_log.txt}}. Utiliser exit pour quitter le « script ».<br />
<br />
Voici les étapes générales de la mise à niveau : <br />
<br />
* commuter en utilisateur root :<br />
{{user to root|_}}<br />
{{Attention-fr|À partir de ce point, toutes les commandes sont à effectuer dans un terminal avec les droits root}}<br />
* Comme recommandé précédemment, assurez-vous que votre système est mis à jour<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update --auto --force}}<br />
* Désactiver dnf makecache (cette étape peut être ignorée si dnf n’est pas installé)<br />
:{{cmd|systemctl stop dnf-makecache.service}}<br />
:{{cmd|systemctl stop dnf-makecache.timer && systemctl daemon-reload}}<br />
* Supprimer toutes les sources existantes des médias sur votre système en exécutant cette commande :<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia – a}}<br />
* Ajoutez également les sources en ligne de Mageia 8 :<br />
** En utilisant la méthode MIRRORLIST (qui sélectionnera automatiquement un miroir en fonction de votre situation géographique) :<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.8.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi sait ce qu’il faut substituer à $ARCH)<br />
** Utiliser un miroir de médias spécifique :<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*: Vous pouvez consulter la base de données des [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib mirroirs Mageia].<br />
* Enfin, commencez la mise à niveau :<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update --auto --force}}<br />
* Il est préférable d’exécuter la commande ci-dessus deux fois, parce que certains paquetages peuvent être téléchargés sans être installés le premier coup.<br />
<br />
{{Note-fr| Il est parfois judicieux, lorsque vous disposez d’un espace disque plus que suffisant, de tester la mise à niveau avant de l’effectuer. <br><br />
Avec cette commande : {{cmd|urpmi --auto-update --auto --force --download-all --test}} tous les paquets sont téléchargés et la « mise à niveau » est uniquement simulée. L’espace libre nécessaire est d’au moins 40 % de la taille de la partition {{Folder|/var}}. Si vous n’avez pas suffisamment d’espace, vous pouvez préciser une destination des fichiers chargés dans une autre partition en ajoutant un chemin de destination après le mot-clé {{cmd|--download-all}},<br/> par exemple avec la commande {{cmd|urpmi --auto-update --auto --force --test --download-all /home/${USER}/rpm/}}. Notez que vous serez passé en root avec la commande {{cmd|su}} et non pas avec {{cmd|su -}} pour que le téléchargement se fasse dans le répertoire {{Folder|/home}} de votre utilisateur.<br><br />
Si le résultat est satisfaisant, la mise à niveau peut alors être effectuée avec la commande {{cmd|urpmi --auto-update --auto --force --download-all}}. Ajoutez le chemin d’accès aux fichiers téléchargés si vous aviez préalablement défini un chemin spécifique comme décrit ci-dessus.<br/><br />
Cependant, si le succès n’est pas au rendez-vous, restaurez les dépôts Mageia 7 en utilisant la commande {{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}} et {{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.6.$ARCH.list'}} comme décrit ci-dessus.}}<br />
<br />
==== Mise à niveau en ligne, à l’aide de DNF (CLI) ====<br />
<br />
Si vous utilisez le gestionnaire de logiciels DNF (et que vous l’avez correctement configuré selon les indications [[Utilisation de DNF-fr|du wiki sur l’utilisation de DNF]]), vous pouvez mettre à niveau vers Mageia 8 en seulement quelques étapes (notez que toutes les commandes doivent être exécutées en tant que root) :<br />
<br />
# S’assurer que le système actuel est à jour : {{cmd|dnf upgrade}}<br />
# Assurez-vous que vous disposez de suffisamment d’espace libre, notamment plus de 40 % dans la partition {{Folder|/var}}. Si ce n’est pas le cas, vous pouvez ajouter l’option {{cmd|--downloaddir chemin_vers_le_répertoire_disposant_d'espace_libre}} à la commande de mise à niveau du système.<br />
# Installer le greffon {{cmd|dnf system-upgrade}}: {{cmd|dnf install 'dnf-command(system-upgrade)'}}<br />
# Effectuer la procédure de téléchargement pour la mise à niveau du système : {{cmd|dnf system-upgrade --releasever 8 download --allowerasing}}<br />
# Si la simulation et la mise à niveau proposée semble satisfaisante, effectuez le processus de mise à niveau : {{cmd|dnf system-upgrade reboot}}<br />
<br />
=== En utilisant le support classique de Mageia 8 pour la mise à niveau ===<br />
<br />
Vous pouvez utiliser le DVD traditionnel de Mageia 8 (pas l’édition autonome) pour effectuer une installation propre, mais aussi pour faire une mise à niveau depuis Mageia 7.<br />
<br />
Pour mettre à niveau :<br />
<br />
* téléchargez l’image ISO depuis la [http://mageia.org/8/ page de téléchargement] de Mageia et gravez-la sur un DVD, ou installez la sur une clé USB, pour plus de détails sur ce point, jetez un œil à [[Supports d'installation-fr|support d’installation disponibles]].<br />
* Démarrez à partir du support et assurez-vous qu’il démarre dans le même mode Legacy/BIOS ou UEFI que Mageia 7.<br />
* Selectionner « Installer Mageia 8 » dans le menu GRUB (le chargeur d’amorçage).<br />
* choisir l’option [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/8/fr/content/selectInstallClass.html mise à jour].<br />
<br />
'''Il est recommandé que les dépôts en ligne soient configurés, si possible, au cours de la mise à jour parce que l’ISO contient seulement une partie de l’ensemble des dépôts en ligne de Mageia'''<br />
<br />
Cela est particulièrement important si vous utilisez des paquets 32bits essentiels dans une installation 64bits, car l’ISO 64bits contiendra uniquement les paquetages de 64bits, si bien que la mise à niveau risque d’échouer si vous omettez d’ajouter les dépôts en ligne.<br />
<br />
En outre, il est possible que Mageia 7 ait reçu une mise à jour d’une version de logiciel plus récente que celle disponible sur l’ISO. Lorsque cela se produit, la mise à jour peut échouer. Comme il est impossible, au moment où les ISOs sont testées, de prévoir quels paquets de Mageia 7 peuvent être mis à jour dans l’avenir, les mises à niveau hors ligne (c.-à-d. mises à niveau tentées sans configurer les dépôts en ligne) ne sont pas pris en charge.<br />
<br />
Au premier redémarrage, utilisez la commande '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' pour [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 s’assurer] que tous les paquets ont été mis à jour.<br />
<br />
==== Mise à niveau d’une installation chiffrée ====<br />
<br />
Premièrement, en ce qui concerne le système Mageia 7 :<br />
<br />
* Supprimez les noyaux inutiles et les gros programmes dont vous n’avez pas besoin.<br />
* Effectuer une mise à jour complète<br />
* Notez les supports auxquels vous avez recours et ceux qui ont été utilisés (les '''Tainted''' sont-ils activés ? S’il s’agit d’un système 64 bits, est-ce-que les médias 32 sont activés ?)<br />
* Notez les partitions utilisées et leurs points de montage.<br />
<br />
Ensuite, préparez et démarrez l’installateur traditionnel comme décrit ci-dessus, et :<br />
<br />
* Sélectionner l’installation, sélectionner la langue, accepter la licence, sélectionner le pays, sélectionner le clavier, personnaliser le partitionnement.<br />
* Cliquez sur vos partitions chiffrées, sélectionnez Utiliser et saisissez votre clé.<br />
* S’il s’agit de LVM, un nouvel onglet contenant les partitions LV apparaît.<br />
* Définissez les points de montage respectifs pour toutes les partitions requises, excepté « la partition d’échange » (comme dans les notes ci-dessus ou si elles sont reconnues par le nom, la taille et le type de la partition. N’oubliez pas la partition /boot à l’extérieur de la LVM chiffrée).<br />
* IMPORTANT : Après avoir cliqué sur « Suivant », assurez-vous de désélectionner le formatage de toutes les partitions ! Ou, si vous voulez un nouveau système mais que vous souhaitez conserver les données des utilisateurs : formater {{File|/boot}}, {{File|/}} et éventuellement {{File|/usr}} {{File|/tmp}} etc que vous avez, <span style="color: red;">MAIS SURTOUT PAS</span> {{File|/home}}.<br />
* Vous devez activer toutes les sources de médias que vous avez utilisées précédemment avec votre installation de Mageia (utilisez vos notes ci-dessus) – à l’exception des backports.<br />
* Comme pour une installation non chiffrée, il est recommandé de mettre en place les dépôts en ligne, y compris les dépôts de mise à jour pertinents.<br />
<br />
== Problèmes connus ==<br />
<br />
Les principaux problèmes connus et présents sur la dernière version des ISOs de Mageia sont décrits sur la [[Mageia_8_Errata-fr|page d’Errata]].<br />
<br />
=== Signaler un bogue ===<br />
<br />
Vous pourrez trouver notre bugzilla [https://bugs.mageia.org/ ici], néanmoins, veuillez lire les [[Mageia_7_Errata-fr| Errata]] avant de signaler un bogue. Si vous n’avez pas encore de compte Mageia, vous pouvez en créer un sur https://identity.mageia.org/. Si vous ne savez pas comment rapporter un bogue [[Comment_signaler_un_bogue_correctement-fr| consultez cette page]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Release Notes]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 8]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Archive:_Mageia_7_Release_Notes&diff=43852Archive: Mageia 7 Release Notes2019-04-17T13:43:02Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Compilers and tools */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- '''This information is available in other languages''':<br /><br />
* [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]]<br />
<br />
disable this so it's not in release note of isos medias--><br />
{{multi language banner|[[Mageia 7 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_7|Español]] ; [[Mageia_7_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] }} <br />
<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Mageia is a Free Software operating system of the GNU/Linux family, which can be installed on computers either as the main operating system, or as an alternative system to one or several pre-installed systems (''dual boot''). It is a community project supported by the non-profit Mageia.Org organization of elected contributors. Mageia is developed ''by'' and ''for'' its community of users, and is suitable for all kinds of users, from first-time GNU/Linux users to advanced developers or system administrators.<br />
<br />
The latest stable release of the Mageia project, Mageia 7 was developed for over one year before. It will be supported with security and bug fix updates for 18 months, up to XX XXXXXry 2020.<br />
<br />
== Available installation media ==<br />
<br />
Mageia has two distinct installation media types:<br />
<br />
* '''Classical ISOs''' (DVD 32-bit, DVD 64-bit), which use the [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/index.html DrakX traditional installer]. The 32-bit and 64-bit DVD ISOs contain all supported locales, a great variety of packages to choose from (including most supported desktop environments) and '''all non-free drivers'''. The use of non-free packages can be disabled during the installation.<br />
* '''Live ISOs''', which can be used to preview the distribution, are an installation alternative to place Mageia on your hard drive. Live media come with either the Plasma (64-bit), GNOME (64-bit) or Xfce (32 or 64-bit) desktop environments. The Live DVDs contain all supported locales and a preselection of software, making them a quicker way to get started working with Mageia. Note that we added a ''persistence'' feature which allows creation of a partition on a USB stick to store customization of the system which survives after a reboot.<br />
<br />
All ISO images can be burned to a DVD or [[Installation_Media#Dump_Mageia_ISO_on_a_USB_flash_drive|dumped on a USB flash drive]]. Please note the file and device size limits as, for example, a 4 GB ISO image can be too big for some "nominally" 4 GB USB drives, due to their actual capacity being slightly lower than the marketed size.<br />
<br />
For more information, please have a look at our [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html installation media] manual page.<br />
<br />
You will find the different download options on the [https://www.mageia.org/7/ Mageia 7 download page]: direct (FTP and HTTP) and BitTorrent downloads are available.<br />
<br />
== The Mageia online repositories ==<br />
<br />
The software packages that are included in Mageia sit in three different repositories/media, depending on the type of license applied to each package. Here's an overview of those repositories:<br />
<br />
* '''Core''': The Core repository includes packages with free-and-open-source software, i.e., packages licensed under a free-and-open-source license. The set of the "Core" media along with "Core Release" and "Core Updates" are enabled by default.<br />
* '''Nonfree''': The Nonfree repository includes packages that are free-of-charge and free to redistribute, but that contain closed-source software (hence the name - Nonfree). For example, this repository includes NVIDIA and AMD/ATI proprietary graphics card drivers, firmware for various WiFi cards, etc.<br /><br />
The Nonfree media set is enabled by default but can be disabled, if necessary, during the installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''': The Tainted repository includes packages released under a free license. The main criterion for placing packages in this repository is that they may infringe on patents and copyright laws in some countries, e.g., multimedia codecs needed to play various audio/video files; packages needed to play a commercial video DVD, etc.<br /><br />
The Tainted media set is added by default but '''not''' enabled by default, i.e., it's completely opt-in; so, check your local laws before using packages from this repository.<br />
<br />
Please also note that on a 64-bit system, the 32-bit repositories are also added. If the Nonfree or Tainted 64-bit repositories are enabled, the corresponding 32-bit repositories should also be enabled (both in Release and Updates flavors), as they are needed by some packages, such as PlayOnLinux or Steam.<br />
<br />
= Release highlights =<br />
<br />
== ARM support ==<br />
<br />
The ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine) port rebooted during Mageia 6 days has been enhanced.<br />
The core is available for ARMv7 and aarch64.<br />
Support for ARMv5 has been dropped.<br />
<br />
There is no traditional installer for now, and it is still considered experimental, but most of the distribution was built successfully on both architectures (see our [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html ARM status overview] for details). The plan is to provide installation images for popular ARM devices in the coming months. There is no ETA for those as of Mageia 7's release.<br />
<br />
= Major developments =<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
=== Stage 1 ===<br />
<br />
* Hardware support was extended to be able to start the installer on very recent computers<br />
* NFS support is done using system tools rather than our 15 years old forked NFS code, thus gaining support for NFSv4 & co...<br />
* Can install from a hard disk formatted in any supported fs rather than just btrfs, ext[2-4], ISO9660, JFS, ntfs, reiserfs, vfat & XFS<br />
* Added support for automatic installation off hard disk, either from ISO or from a distrib tree. Eg:<br />
:: <code>automatic=method:disk,disk:vdb,partition:vdb1,dir:/Mageia/Mga6.iso</code><br />
<br />
=== Stage 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Lots of bug fixes and improvements in the partitioner<br />
<br />
=== Hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* New architectures:<br />
** ARM v5 support has been dropped<br />
** ARM v7 support has been enhanced.<br />
** Aarch64 support is added.<br />
<br />
== Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ==<br />
<br />
=== Manuals ===<br />
<br />
* The manuals for the traditional installer and for the Mageia Control Center have been (partially) translated into many more languages. See [http://www.mageia.org/doc/ our official documentation]<br />
* An English screenshot is used when a localized screenshot is unavailable for an HTML manual.<br />
* PDF and EPUB manuals are created only when more than half of the needed localized screenshots for those manuals are available.<br />
<br />
=== Software translations ===<br />
<br />
New translations have been added, while others were improved.<br />
Thank you to our dedicated community of translators for your reliable work.<br />
<br />
== Package management ==<br />
<br />
=== New RPM ===<br />
<br />
RPM has been upgraded to version 4.14.2.1.<br />
<br />
RPM 4.14 offers key improvements to RPM as a whole, including:<br />
<br />
* Major revamp of debuginfo packages<br />
* Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to utilize a single codepath<br />
* New SHA256 digests in packages: one for compressed payload alone and one for the header<br />
* Weak dependencies are taken into account when ordering<br />
* Support for a configurable mode to conserve SSD disks<br />
* Support for zstd compression<br />
<br />
More information on changes from RPM 4.13 (which shipped with Mageia 6) to RPM 4.14.2.1 is available from the RPM website:<br />
* RPM 4.14: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.0<br />
* RPM 4.14.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.1<br />
* RPM 4.14.2: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2<br />
* RPM 4.14.2.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2.1<br />
<br />
=== DNF: the alternative package manager ===<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) was introduced as an alternative to urpmi since Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF is a next-generation dependency resolver and high-level package management tool that traces its ancestry to two projects: Fedora's YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and openSUSE's SAT Solver (libsolv). DNF was forked from YUM several years ago in order to rewrite it to use the SAT Solver library from openSUSE and to massively restructure the codebase so that a sane API would be available for both extending DNF (via plugins and hooks) and building applications on top of it (such as graphical frontends and system lifecycle automation frameworks).<br />
<br />
DNF comes with enhanced problem reporting, advanced tracking of weak dependencies, support for rich dependencies (see the RPM release notes for more on this), and more detailed transaction information while performing actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with DNF v4.2.2. This version improves DNF over version 2.x in Mageia 6 by rewriting most of the logic from Python to C++ and moving it to the libdnf library for performance. It also introduces support for modules, though Mageia is not currently publishing any modules in its repositories.<br />
<br />
More information on modularity: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
DNF release notes: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
With fresh installations via the classical and live media, DNF will be installed in parallel with urpmi. Depending on the method used to upgrade to Mageia 7, it may be necessary to install the {{Prog|dnf}} package to have it available.<br />
<br />
For information on how to use DNF, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using DNF]].<br />
<br />
=== AppStream ===<br />
<br />
Our RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) repositories (used by DNF and PackageKit) provide AppStream metadata. Tools like GNOME Software (GNOME Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|gnome-software}}) and Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|discover}}) leverage AppStream metadata to provide a rich experience when searching, identifying, and managing applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream is a cross-distribution effort for enhancing software repositories by standardizing software component metadata. It enables an application-centric view on package repositories and provides specifications for things needed to create user-friendly application centers.<br />
<br />
See the AppStream website for more information: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
=== perl-URPM and urpmi ===<br />
<br />
* Doc has been enhanced<br />
* urpmi/perl-URPM support a wider range of rpm versions, from rpm-4.11 to latest 4.14<br />
* Various bug fixes have been made.<br />
<br />
== Tools ==<br />
<br />
=== Mageia Control Center ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
<br />
==== MageiaWelcome ====<br />
The 'Welcome' screen is an application that is presented to users when booting into a fresh installation of Mageia. It has now been entirely reworked to have a linear approach, with successive steps following in a logical order of important things to know and do post-installation. By default, it will run at each subsequent boot, but this behaviour is optional. Even if the auto-run option is disabled - it can be invoked at any time as an application (mageiawelcome).<br />
<br />
Under the hood, it uses Python and QML. It is now resizeable and will use the fonts of the desktop environment.<br />
<br />
==== Isodumper ====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks|Isodumper]] is a tool to write ISO images on memory devices. It now uses an improved checking routine after writing operations by looking for a sha512 sum file and corresponding signature. If the sum is found, the application compares the computed sum to the stored one, and additionally indicates if the sum is signed. Another modification is that the application no longer runs with root privileges, but as a user's application - root privileges are requested only when needed (for writing or formatting operations). This should improve the security level. <br><br><br />
We also added a feature in relation to Live images: By ticking a check-box, any remaining space on the device can be designated as a ''persistence'' partition. See [[Installation_Media#Persistence_with_memory_devices|here]] for more information.<br />
<br />
==== Docker ====<br />
<br />
The Docker ecosystem has been augmented (based on the 18.06 version of the engine) with many additional tools such as docker-compose (orchestration with v3 support), containerd (daemon controlling runC), docker-registry (share of images), docker-machine (install docker on a remote system), and python-docker (python 2 and 3 libraries for engine API management).<br />
<br />
==== LiveCD Tools ====<br />
<br />
With Mageia 7, the LiveCD Tools have been rebased to the latest version (v27.0).<br />
<br />
For information on how to use the LiveCD Tools, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using the LiveCD Tools]]<br />
<br />
==== draklive2 ====<br />
<br />
The tool used to build the distribution Live ISOs has been revised to make it easier to use. Several examples are provided to help users build their own customised variants of the Live ISOs. There is now a GUI mode, based on the Mageia classical installer, to support package and locale selection.<br />
<br />
For more information, please refer to the wiki page: [[draklive2]]<br />
<br />
== Base system ==<br />
<br />
=== Kernel and hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* Mageia 7 ships with kernel 5.0.<br />
All hardware managed by this kernel version is enabled. The kernel provides better graphics with Mesa 19.0. <br />
* Other kernel flavors are included, particularly, kernel-tmb and kernel-linus (a vanilla stock kernel without any extra patchset). See the wiki page [[Kernel_flavours]] for more information.<br />
<br />
=== X Window System (X11) ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with X.Org 1.20.4.<br />
<br />
=== AMD video drivers ===<br />
* Mageia 7 uses the free video drivers for AMD/ATI graphics cards, AMDGPU for newer cards and Radeon for older graphics cards. The free drivers also use the current Mesa 19.0, provided with Mageia 7. Compared with Mageia 6, hardware support has been increased and performance has been improved.<br />
* The proprietary AMDGPU-PRO driver currently only works with X.org 1.1xx, so it cannot be used in Mageia 7.<br />
* In case of a hybrid card, the solution exposed with the [[#Optimus laptops|nouveau driver]] and the precommand DRI_PRIME=n is also working, at least with the radeon driver.<br />
<br />
=== NVIDIA drivers ===<br />
* The current libre Nouveau drivers are provided. Their performance was greatly improved during Mageia's release cycle, and they might satisfy most owners of Nvidia hardware for casual usage.<br />
* The packages for the latest NVIDIA (long-lived branch, release 418.56 at the time of writing) proprietary drivers are provided in the nonfree media repositories. CUDA 10.1.105 is also included in the same nonfree repositories and can be used out of the box after proprietary drivers are correctly configured.<br />
* For older graphics cards, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers of the 340 and 390 branches are also still provided (390 being supported on x86_64 only).<br />
<br />
==== Optimus laptops ====<br />
Owners of NVIDIA Optimus laptops (integrated Intel graphics processor and discrete NVIDIA GPU) now have three ways to benefit from the power of their discrete GPU:<br />
* The free Nouveau drivers support Prime GPU offloading out of the box, which can be used via the DRI_PRIME=1 environment variable (unless the proprietary NVIDIA driver is in use by, e.g., mageia-prime). Refer to the [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ Nouveau documentation] to see how to configure Xorg to use NVIDIA Prime with DRI3.<br />
* As in Mageia 6, the [[Bumblebee]] package can be used to bridge the monitor to the NVIDIA GPU, allowing to access its processing power albeit with some overhead.<br />
* A new experimental tool named {{Prog|mageia-prime}} can be used to configure the NVIDIA Prime supported by recent Linux kernels and Xorg servers. It allows to fully switch to using the NVIDIA GPU without the overhead of Bumblebee, and is particularly suited for use with CUDA.<br />
<br />
In all three cases, when configuring the graphics drivers, one must only configure the Intel card (at least in most Optimus configurations), as it is typically the only one physically connected to a monitor.<br />
<br />
=== Bootloaders ===<br />
* For UEFI boot, the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ rEFInd boot manager] is now supported as an alternative to GRUB2.<br />
<br />
== Desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
All the desktop environments mentioned below are included in Mageia's online repositories, and can be installed in parallel on any Mageia 7 system. Some of them are also included on the physical media, LiveDVDs and Classical DVDs, as specified in each section.<br />
<br />
=== Plasma ===<br />
<br />
Plasma, the new desktop environment of the KDE community, is provided in version 5.15.<br />
<br />
If you want to try Plasma under Wayland, just install plasma-workspace-wayland, and it should appear in your favorite display manager's list of desktop environments.<br />
<br />
The default display manager (DM) for the Plasma environment is SDDM, and replaces the now obsolete KDM.<br />
<br />
Plasma has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== GNOME ===<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.32 is provided. It now defaults to running on Wayland, but also provides an alternative "GNOME on Xorg" session.<br />
<br />
For those preferring the GNOME 2 look and feel, GNOME 3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.<br />
<br />
GNOME has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXDE ===<br />
<br />
The very lightweight GTK+2-based desktop environment is still available and continues to receive improvements from upstream and our Mageia maintainer, even though its community has partly refocused on LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Xfce ===<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.13 is provided. It uses GTK+3 instead of GTK+2 as with Xfce 4.12. If version 4.14 becomes available in the lifecycle of Mageia 7, it will be updated to 4.14.<br />
<br />
Xfce has dedicated 32-bit and 64-bit LiveDVDs and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXQt ===<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.14.1 is provided.<br />
<br />
LXQt cannot be installed out of the box from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer) due to space constraints on the ISOs.<br />
Online media need to be added to enable more options during the initial installation - this is explained in the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/en/content/add_supplemental_media.html installer documentation].<br />
<br />
=== MATE ===<br />
<br />
MATE 1.22.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
MATE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer). Due to DVD space considerations, some applications such as mate-screenshot (screenshot application) are not included in Classical DVD ISO. For a full MATE Desktop experience, users are suggested to install {{pkg|task-mate}} package after initial installation.<br />
<br />
=== Cinnamon === <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Enlightenment ===<br />
<br />
The Enlightenment task package comes with E22.4 and Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), which includes the previously separate Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders and Evas-generic-players packages. Also included are the connman connection manager for use with the E's Econnman UI, E's Polkit-EFL authentication agent, and three EFL-based applications: the Terminology advanced terminal emulator, the nimble Ephoto image viewer, and the light-weight Rage video player. As with the prior release, Mageia 7 also offers a Mageia-branded theme as the default.<br />
<br />
As always, E does not automatically include the startup applications from /etc/xdg/autostart. After installation, go to Main menu > Settings > Startup Applications and add needed system processes (e.g., a policy kit authentication agent) and desired applications to be started on boot up. If your installation includes the ICE windows manager, you may choose between the MATE authentication agent that comes with it and Polkit-EFL.<br />
<br />
Beginning with E20, Enlightenment's system tray converted from Xembed notifications with SNI appindicator notifications, which is not yet supported by all applications (e.g., Parcellite clipboard manager), while others use plugins (e.g, Pidgin, which has an Ubuntu indicator plugin in the Mageia package to enable systray notifications). <br />
<br />
As of the Beta releases there are three known issues. First, for systems with optical drives, the Enlightenment File Manager (EFM) does not mount them even though disks with and without data can be seen with other file managers. Second, Mageia enables systemd-networkd to manage networking by default. Those who prefer to use connman with the Econnman interface will find it is not always functional (after disabling systemd-networkd and enabling connman), probably as a result of the default wpa_supplicant configuration. (There is a separate, recently-developed wireless gadget for managing multiple backends that is not yet included in the Mageia repositories.) Third, the E17 themes still in the repository do not work with E22. Updated Mageia-branded themes may be packaged in the near future. Additional themes may also be found at https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/.<br />
<br />
=== Light window managers ===<br />
<br />
You can also keep your Mageia 7 installation very light and we provide for this a plethora of small and efficient window managers. You can find afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, and windowmaker. After installation, they appear in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
==== IceWM ====<br />
<br />
You will find now both "icewm" and "icewm-session" in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
Beginning with IceWM 1.2.13, there is a new binary named "icewm-session". This binary helps you to handle all IceWM subparts (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup, and shutdown, started in this order). '''Therefore, you should use icewm-session to start a complete IceWM session'''. Choosing "Icewm" will only start the window manager itself.<br />
<br />
== Office apps ==<br />
<br />
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.2. See [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.2 official release notes] for details.<br />
<br />
== Multimedia apps ==<br />
<br />
Since the last patent expired in April, 2017, mp3 encoding is now available in the core media. Tainted media are still needed for H.264, H.265/HEVC and AAC encoding.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
<br />
* Vim has been updated to 8.1<br />
* NeoVim 0.3.4 is also included<br />
<br />
== Games ==<br />
<br />
In the Mageia community, our love for free software extends to open source games. A huge effort has been made during the Mageia 7 release cycle to package many new games, making Mageia 7 a very good platform for intensive and casual gamers alike. You can check Mageia App DB to see a list of [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/6/withrelease/7/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 all the new and updated games in Mageia 7]. The following section will only give some cherry-picked examples for each game category.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 comes with both old and new versions of [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. The old is based on the GTK+ toolkit and has more activities. The new uses Qt and brings some new activities. We were [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris] among the donors in February, 2015, to improve the graphical interface of this very important project.<br />
<br />
== Software Development ==<br />
<br />
=== Compilers and tools ===<br />
<br />
GCC has been updated to 8.3.1, GDB to 8.2 and Valgrind to 3.15.0.<br />
LLVM has been updated to 8.0.0.<br />
<br />
libvirt 5.2 and virt-manager 2.1<br />
<br />
Firebird has been updated to 3.0.4<br />
<br />
IPython has been updated to 7.2.<br />
<br />
Most libraries were updated to recent stable versions (long-term support when available), such as Qt 5.12.2 and GTK+ 3.24.8.<br />
Tcl/Tk is at version 8.6.9.<br />
<br />
=== Language stacks ===<br />
<br />
Python 3 has been updated to 3.7.3, Python 2 to 2.7.16, and when possible, all Python modules are provided for Python 2 and Python 3.<br />
<br />
Perl has been updated to 5.28.1.<br />
Perl modules are now installed either in /usr/share/per5 (pure perl modules) or /usr/lib(64)/perl5 (binary modules), like Fedora does. Perl version is no more included in the standard path.<br />
<br />
Some important effort has been made to simplify the Java stack which was hard to maintain in Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
Ruby has been updated to 2.5.3.<br />
<br />
Rust is at version 1.34.0. It will be updated during Mageia 7's support life to follow new developments.<br />
<br />
PHP has been updated from 5.6 to 7.3, which gives a performance improvement of about 50%.<br />
<br />
== Miscellaneous ==<br />
<br />
= Upgrading from Mageia 6 =<br />
<br />
{{note|Please also read the [[Mageia_7_Errata#Upgrade_issues|known issues page]], chapter "Upgrade Issues" and the page "[[From Mageia 6 to 7]]" to avoid Upgrade issues.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrading from Mageia 6 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But, as always, it is very advisable to '''back up any important data before upgrading''' and make sure you have '''made all updates''' of Mageia 6 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading directly from Mageia 5 or another distribution is not supported.<br />
<br />
If you want to upgrade a 64-bit system, it may contain 32-bit software. This is not a problem provided '''it does not''' include development libraries. You can identify these by the word "devel" in the name. To know if your system houses such libraries you can use the command:<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}} <br />
You must un-install these libraries before upgrading.<br />
<br />
If '''3rd party repositories''', such as Google, have been added during the use of Mageia 6, be sure to make a backup/copy of /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to upgrade from Mageia 6:<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Warning: Upgrading an existing install using any of the Live images is '''NOT''' supported due to the Live image being copied "as is" to the target system. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which was '''NOT''' in UEFI, towards an UEFI-mode Mageia 7, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
== Upgrading via the Internet ==<br />
<br />
The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, '''will notify you''' that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.<br/><br />
<br />
If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) or the CLI ({{cmd|urpmi}}). Both methods are outlined below.<br />
<br />
Fully update your system and check you have enough free space (at least 2 GB, depending on your configuration) before starting the upgrade.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Use a wired internet connection if possible, especially when you're using nonfree wlan drivers}}<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI) ===<br />
<br />
If Mageia Online does not display a blue icon in the system tray offering you the option to upgrade to the new Mageia release:<br />
<br />
1. Make sure that your system is fully up-to-date by applying all available updates.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. In Mageia Control Center - Software Management - Configure Updates Frequency, make sure that the option "Check for newer default releases" is selected.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Look in your home folder for a hidden directory, /.MgaOnline. If there is a <br />
file mgaonline in that directory, then delete that file.<br />
<br />
After a reboot, the blue upgrade icon should appear when Mageia Online next checks for updates. <br />
<br />
If Mageia 6 has reached EOL, you will see an orange icon and a pop-up warning that Mageia 6 is no longer supported. <br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can launch the upgrade process by entering in a terminal:<br />
<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:<span style="font-family: courier; color: #7a4707; background-color: #e8e8e8;">mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=7</span><br />
<br />
It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 7 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start the migration.<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI) ===<br />
<br />
This method is useful when the root partition is encrypted as the booted system is already decrypting the partition.<br />
<br />
There are multiple ways of getting a Command Line Interface (CLI).<br />
<br />
The best method for performing an upgrade is to use run-level 3 so that the X server and graphical environment is not running.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the upgrade should be cleaner using run-level 3 than using a terminal application as fewer programs are running which could potentially mess up the upgrade.<br />
<br />
Run-level 3 can be enabled by appending "3" to the kernel command line in grub's menu.lst file and then rebooting the system to get a login prompt.<br />
<br />
It is recommended to run "script upgrade_log.txt" to capture the upgrade messages just in case a failure occurs. Use "exit" to quit out of "script".<br />
<br />
Here are the general upgrade steps:<br />
<br />
* Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}}<br />
* Add the Mageia 7 online sources, either:<br />
** Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.7.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi knows what to substitute for $ARCH)<br />
** Using a specific media mirror:<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*:You can get the mirror_url using the [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib Mageia mirrors web application].<br />
* Finally start upgrading: <br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto}}<br />
* It's best to run the above command twice because in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It is sometimes a good idea to test the upgrade before carrying it on. <br><br />
With this command: {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all --test}} all the packages are downloaded and the upgrade simulated only. <br><br />
If the result is good, then upgrade for real with the command {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all}} }}<br />
<br />
== Using the traditional Mageia 7 DVD to Upgrade ==<br />
<br />
You can use the traditional (so, non-Live) Mageia 7 DVD to do clean installs, but also to upgrade from Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
To upgrade:<br />
<br />
* Download the ISO from the Mageia [http://mageia.org/7/ download page] and burn it on a DVD, or dump it on a USB stick. For more details, have a look at this [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Installation_Media Available installation media article].<br />
* Boot the DVD and make sure it booted in the same mode (legacy/BIOS or UEFI) as Mageia 6 was installed in.<br />
* Select "Install Mageia 7" from the GRUB (the bootloader) menu.<br />
* Select the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/selectInstallClass.html upgrade] option.<br />
<br />
'''It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories.'''<br />
This is especially important if you use important 32-bit packages in an otherwise 64-bit install, because the 64-bit ISO will only contain the 64-bit packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.<br />
<br />
Moreover, it is possible that a particular Mageia 6 installation may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, an upgrade may fail to complete. At the time the ISOs are tested, it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 6 packages may be updated in the future, so offline upgrades (i.e., upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported. <br />
<br />
On the first reboot, use the command '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' to make [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 sure] all packages were updated.<br />
<br />
= Known issues =<br />
<br />
See the [[Mageia_7_Errata|Errata page]].<br />
<br />
== Obsoleted packages ==<br />
<br />
get-skype is now obsolete, as the classic Skype versions for Linux ceased to be supported by Skype on 1 July 2017.<br />
There is a new web-based Skype version which may be installed directly from the Skype web site by selecting the rpm version<br />
[https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ here]. Note that only 64-bit systems are supported.<br />
<br />
cvsps version 2, which was last updated over ten years ago, is now obsolete. It was used by git-cvsimport from the git-cvs<br />
package. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository, consider using cvs-fast-export.<br />
<br />
== Bug reporting ==<br />
<br />
We have a [https://bugs.mageia.org/ bug tracker], but please read the [[Mageia_7_Errata| Errata]] before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see [[Bugzilla#How-to_report_a_bug| how to report a bug]].<br />
<br />
== Device names changed for MMC devices ==<br />
<br />
By default, Mageia uses UUIDs for block-devices. It is possible that you deviated from the default and manually changed /etc/fstab to use device names for MMC block-devices. If so, you will have to change this from /dev/mmcblk0 to /dev/mmcblk1. This has changed in Linux kernel 4.14.<br />
<br />
== GNOME on Wayland and su - ==<br />
<br />
Some drak commands previously invoked from a "su -" root terminal no longer presents a user GUI interface, rather a ncurses interface.<br />
if this occurs, exit the ncurses interface, exit the root terminal and re-invoke as normal user terminal the drak command.<br />
a password popup will occur requesting root password and after correct password is entered, the expected GUI interface is presented.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mageia_development]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 7]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Archive:_Mageia_7_Release_Notes&diff=43851Archive: Mageia 7 Release Notes2019-04-17T13:33:33Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Software Development */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- '''This information is available in other languages''':<br /><br />
* [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]]<br />
<br />
disable this so it's not in release note of isos medias--><br />
{{multi language banner|[[Mageia 7 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_7|Español]] ; [[Mageia_7_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] }} <br />
<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Mageia is a Free Software operating system of the GNU/Linux family, which can be installed on computers either as the main operating system, or as an alternative system to one or several pre-installed systems (''dual boot''). It is a community project supported by the non-profit Mageia.Org organization of elected contributors. Mageia is developed ''by'' and ''for'' its community of users, and is suitable for all kinds of users, from first-time GNU/Linux users to advanced developers or system administrators.<br />
<br />
The latest stable release of the Mageia project, Mageia 7 was developed for over one year before. It will be supported with security and bug fix updates for 18 months, up to XX XXXXXry 2020.<br />
<br />
== Available installation media ==<br />
<br />
Mageia has two distinct installation media types:<br />
<br />
* '''Classical ISOs''' (DVD 32-bit, DVD 64-bit), which use the [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/index.html DrakX traditional installer]. The 32-bit and 64-bit DVD ISOs contain all supported locales, a great variety of packages to choose from (including most supported desktop environments) and '''all non-free drivers'''. The use of non-free packages can be disabled during the installation.<br />
* '''Live ISOs''', which can be used to preview the distribution, are an installation alternative to place Mageia on your hard drive. Live media come with either the Plasma (64-bit), GNOME (64-bit) or Xfce (32 or 64-bit) desktop environments. The Live DVDs contain all supported locales and a preselection of software, making them a quicker way to get started working with Mageia. Note that we added a ''persistence'' feature which allows creation of a partition on a USB stick to store customization of the system which survives after a reboot.<br />
<br />
All ISO images can be burned to a DVD or [[Installation_Media#Dump_Mageia_ISO_on_a_USB_flash_drive|dumped on a USB flash drive]]. Please note the file and device size limits as, for example, a 4 GB ISO image can be too big for some "nominally" 4 GB USB drives, due to their actual capacity being slightly lower than the marketed size.<br />
<br />
For more information, please have a look at our [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html installation media] manual page.<br />
<br />
You will find the different download options on the [https://www.mageia.org/7/ Mageia 7 download page]: direct (FTP and HTTP) and BitTorrent downloads are available.<br />
<br />
== The Mageia online repositories ==<br />
<br />
The software packages that are included in Mageia sit in three different repositories/media, depending on the type of license applied to each package. Here's an overview of those repositories:<br />
<br />
* '''Core''': The Core repository includes packages with free-and-open-source software, i.e., packages licensed under a free-and-open-source license. The set of the "Core" media along with "Core Release" and "Core Updates" are enabled by default.<br />
* '''Nonfree''': The Nonfree repository includes packages that are free-of-charge and free to redistribute, but that contain closed-source software (hence the name - Nonfree). For example, this repository includes NVIDIA and AMD/ATI proprietary graphics card drivers, firmware for various WiFi cards, etc.<br /><br />
The Nonfree media set is enabled by default but can be disabled, if necessary, during the installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''': The Tainted repository includes packages released under a free license. The main criterion for placing packages in this repository is that they may infringe on patents and copyright laws in some countries, e.g., multimedia codecs needed to play various audio/video files; packages needed to play a commercial video DVD, etc.<br /><br />
The Tainted media set is added by default but '''not''' enabled by default, i.e., it's completely opt-in; so, check your local laws before using packages from this repository.<br />
<br />
Please also note that on a 64-bit system, the 32-bit repositories are also added. If the Nonfree or Tainted 64-bit repositories are enabled, the corresponding 32-bit repositories should also be enabled (both in Release and Updates flavors), as they are needed by some packages, such as PlayOnLinux or Steam.<br />
<br />
= Release highlights =<br />
<br />
== ARM support ==<br />
<br />
The ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine) port rebooted during Mageia 6 days has been enhanced.<br />
The core is available for ARMv7 and aarch64.<br />
Support for ARMv5 has been dropped.<br />
<br />
There is no traditional installer for now, and it is still considered experimental, but most of the distribution was built successfully on both architectures (see our [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html ARM status overview] for details). The plan is to provide installation images for popular ARM devices in the coming months. There is no ETA for those as of Mageia 7's release.<br />
<br />
= Major developments =<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
=== Stage 1 ===<br />
<br />
* Hardware support was extended to be able to start the installer on very recent computers<br />
* NFS support is done using system tools rather than our 15 years old forked NFS code, thus gaining support for NFSv4 & co...<br />
* Can install from a hard disk formatted in any supported fs rather than just btrfs, ext[2-4], ISO9660, JFS, ntfs, reiserfs, vfat & XFS<br />
* Added support for automatic installation off hard disk, either from ISO or from a distrib tree. Eg:<br />
:: <code>automatic=method:disk,disk:vdb,partition:vdb1,dir:/Mageia/Mga6.iso</code><br />
<br />
=== Stage 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Lots of bug fixes and improvements in the partitioner<br />
<br />
=== Hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* New architectures:<br />
** ARM v5 support has been dropped<br />
** ARM v7 support has been enhanced.<br />
** Aarch64 support is added.<br />
<br />
== Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ==<br />
<br />
=== Manuals ===<br />
<br />
* The manuals for the traditional installer and for the Mageia Control Center have been (partially) translated into many more languages. See [http://www.mageia.org/doc/ our official documentation]<br />
* An English screenshot is used when a localized screenshot is unavailable for an HTML manual.<br />
* PDF and EPUB manuals are created only when more than half of the needed localized screenshots for those manuals are available.<br />
<br />
=== Software translations ===<br />
<br />
New translations have been added, while others were improved.<br />
Thank you to our dedicated community of translators for your reliable work.<br />
<br />
== Package management ==<br />
<br />
=== New RPM ===<br />
<br />
RPM has been upgraded to version 4.14.2.1.<br />
<br />
RPM 4.14 offers key improvements to RPM as a whole, including:<br />
<br />
* Major revamp of debuginfo packages<br />
* Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to utilize a single codepath<br />
* New SHA256 digests in packages: one for compressed payload alone and one for the header<br />
* Weak dependencies are taken into account when ordering<br />
* Support for a configurable mode to conserve SSD disks<br />
* Support for zstd compression<br />
<br />
More information on changes from RPM 4.13 (which shipped with Mageia 6) to RPM 4.14.2.1 is available from the RPM website:<br />
* RPM 4.14: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.0<br />
* RPM 4.14.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.1<br />
* RPM 4.14.2: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2<br />
* RPM 4.14.2.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2.1<br />
<br />
=== DNF: the alternative package manager ===<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) was introduced as an alternative to urpmi since Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF is a next-generation dependency resolver and high-level package management tool that traces its ancestry to two projects: Fedora's YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and openSUSE's SAT Solver (libsolv). DNF was forked from YUM several years ago in order to rewrite it to use the SAT Solver library from openSUSE and to massively restructure the codebase so that a sane API would be available for both extending DNF (via plugins and hooks) and building applications on top of it (such as graphical frontends and system lifecycle automation frameworks).<br />
<br />
DNF comes with enhanced problem reporting, advanced tracking of weak dependencies, support for rich dependencies (see the RPM release notes for more on this), and more detailed transaction information while performing actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with DNF v4.2.2. This version improves DNF over version 2.x in Mageia 6 by rewriting most of the logic from Python to C++ and moving it to the libdnf library for performance. It also introduces support for modules, though Mageia is not currently publishing any modules in its repositories.<br />
<br />
More information on modularity: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
DNF release notes: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
With fresh installations via the classical and live media, DNF will be installed in parallel with urpmi. Depending on the method used to upgrade to Mageia 7, it may be necessary to install the {{Prog|dnf}} package to have it available.<br />
<br />
For information on how to use DNF, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using DNF]].<br />
<br />
=== AppStream ===<br />
<br />
Our RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) repositories (used by DNF and PackageKit) provide AppStream metadata. Tools like GNOME Software (GNOME Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|gnome-software}}) and Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|discover}}) leverage AppStream metadata to provide a rich experience when searching, identifying, and managing applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream is a cross-distribution effort for enhancing software repositories by standardizing software component metadata. It enables an application-centric view on package repositories and provides specifications for things needed to create user-friendly application centers.<br />
<br />
See the AppStream website for more information: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
=== perl-URPM and urpmi ===<br />
<br />
* Doc has been enhanced<br />
* urpmi/perl-URPM support a wider range of rpm versions, from rpm-4.11 to latest 4.14<br />
* Various bug fixes have been made.<br />
<br />
== Tools ==<br />
<br />
=== Mageia Control Center ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
<br />
==== MageiaWelcome ====<br />
The 'Welcome' screen is an application that is presented to users when booting into a fresh installation of Mageia. It has now been entirely reworked to have a linear approach, with successive steps following in a logical order of important things to know and do post-installation. By default, it will run at each subsequent boot, but this behaviour is optional. Even if the auto-run option is disabled - it can be invoked at any time as an application (mageiawelcome).<br />
<br />
Under the hood, it uses Python and QML. It is now resizeable and will use the fonts of the desktop environment.<br />
<br />
==== Isodumper ====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks|Isodumper]] is a tool to write ISO images on memory devices. It now uses an improved checking routine after writing operations by looking for a sha512 sum file and corresponding signature. If the sum is found, the application compares the computed sum to the stored one, and additionally indicates if the sum is signed. Another modification is that the application no longer runs with root privileges, but as a user's application - root privileges are requested only when needed (for writing or formatting operations). This should improve the security level. <br><br><br />
We also added a feature in relation to Live images: By ticking a check-box, any remaining space on the device can be designated as a ''persistence'' partition. See [[Installation_Media#Persistence_with_memory_devices|here]] for more information.<br />
<br />
==== Docker ====<br />
<br />
The Docker ecosystem has been augmented (based on the 18.06 version of the engine) with many additional tools such as docker-compose (orchestration with v3 support), containerd (daemon controlling runC), docker-registry (share of images), docker-machine (install docker on a remote system), and python-docker (python 2 and 3 libraries for engine API management).<br />
<br />
==== LiveCD Tools ====<br />
<br />
With Mageia 7, the LiveCD Tools have been rebased to the latest version (v27.0).<br />
<br />
For information on how to use the LiveCD Tools, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using the LiveCD Tools]]<br />
<br />
==== draklive2 ====<br />
<br />
The tool used to build the distribution Live ISOs has been revised to make it easier to use. Several examples are provided to help users build their own customised variants of the Live ISOs. There is now a GUI mode, based on the Mageia classical installer, to support package and locale selection.<br />
<br />
For more information, please refer to the wiki page: [[draklive2]]<br />
<br />
== Base system ==<br />
<br />
=== Kernel and hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* Mageia 7 ships with kernel 5.0.<br />
All hardware managed by this kernel version is enabled. The kernel provides better graphics with Mesa 19.0. <br />
* Other kernel flavors are included, particularly, kernel-tmb and kernel-linus (a vanilla stock kernel without any extra patchset). See the wiki page [[Kernel_flavours]] for more information.<br />
<br />
=== X Window System (X11) ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with X.Org 1.20.4.<br />
<br />
=== AMD video drivers ===<br />
* Mageia 7 uses the free video drivers for AMD/ATI graphics cards, AMDGPU for newer cards and Radeon for older graphics cards. The free drivers also use the current Mesa 19.0, provided with Mageia 7. Compared with Mageia 6, hardware support has been increased and performance has been improved.<br />
* The proprietary AMDGPU-PRO driver currently only works with X.org 1.1xx, so it cannot be used in Mageia 7.<br />
* In case of a hybrid card, the solution exposed with the [[#Optimus laptops|nouveau driver]] and the precommand DRI_PRIME=n is also working, at least with the radeon driver.<br />
<br />
=== NVIDIA drivers ===<br />
* The current libre Nouveau drivers are provided. Their performance was greatly improved during Mageia's release cycle, and they might satisfy most owners of Nvidia hardware for casual usage.<br />
* The packages for the latest NVIDIA (long-lived branch, release 418.56 at the time of writing) proprietary drivers are provided in the nonfree media repositories. CUDA 10.1.105 is also included in the same nonfree repositories and can be used out of the box after proprietary drivers are correctly configured.<br />
* For older graphics cards, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers of the 340 and 390 branches are also still provided (390 being supported on x86_64 only).<br />
<br />
==== Optimus laptops ====<br />
Owners of NVIDIA Optimus laptops (integrated Intel graphics processor and discrete NVIDIA GPU) now have three ways to benefit from the power of their discrete GPU:<br />
* The free Nouveau drivers support Prime GPU offloading out of the box, which can be used via the DRI_PRIME=1 environment variable (unless the proprietary NVIDIA driver is in use by, e.g., mageia-prime). Refer to the [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ Nouveau documentation] to see how to configure Xorg to use NVIDIA Prime with DRI3.<br />
* As in Mageia 6, the [[Bumblebee]] package can be used to bridge the monitor to the NVIDIA GPU, allowing to access its processing power albeit with some overhead.<br />
* A new experimental tool named {{Prog|mageia-prime}} can be used to configure the NVIDIA Prime supported by recent Linux kernels and Xorg servers. It allows to fully switch to using the NVIDIA GPU without the overhead of Bumblebee, and is particularly suited for use with CUDA.<br />
<br />
In all three cases, when configuring the graphics drivers, one must only configure the Intel card (at least in most Optimus configurations), as it is typically the only one physically connected to a monitor.<br />
<br />
=== Bootloaders ===<br />
* For UEFI boot, the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ rEFInd boot manager] is now supported as an alternative to GRUB2.<br />
<br />
== Desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
All the desktop environments mentioned below are included in Mageia's online repositories, and can be installed in parallel on any Mageia 7 system. Some of them are also included on the physical media, LiveDVDs and Classical DVDs, as specified in each section.<br />
<br />
=== Plasma ===<br />
<br />
Plasma, the new desktop environment of the KDE community, is provided in version 5.15.<br />
<br />
If you want to try Plasma under Wayland, just install plasma-workspace-wayland, and it should appear in your favorite display manager's list of desktop environments.<br />
<br />
The default display manager (DM) for the Plasma environment is SDDM, and replaces the now obsolete KDM.<br />
<br />
Plasma has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== GNOME ===<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.32 is provided. It now defaults to running on Wayland, but also provides an alternative "GNOME on Xorg" session.<br />
<br />
For those preferring the GNOME 2 look and feel, GNOME 3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.<br />
<br />
GNOME has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXDE ===<br />
<br />
The very lightweight GTK+2-based desktop environment is still available and continues to receive improvements from upstream and our Mageia maintainer, even though its community has partly refocused on LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Xfce ===<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.13 is provided. It uses GTK+3 instead of GTK+2 as with Xfce 4.12. If version 4.14 becomes available in the lifecycle of Mageia 7, it will be updated to 4.14.<br />
<br />
Xfce has dedicated 32-bit and 64-bit LiveDVDs and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXQt ===<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.14.1 is provided.<br />
<br />
LXQt cannot be installed out of the box from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer) due to space constraints on the ISOs.<br />
Online media need to be added to enable more options during the initial installation - this is explained in the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/en/content/add_supplemental_media.html installer documentation].<br />
<br />
=== MATE ===<br />
<br />
MATE 1.22.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
MATE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer). Due to DVD space considerations, some applications such as mate-screenshot (screenshot application) are not included in Classical DVD ISO. For a full MATE Desktop experience, users are suggested to install {{pkg|task-mate}} package after initial installation.<br />
<br />
=== Cinnamon === <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Enlightenment ===<br />
<br />
The Enlightenment task package comes with E22.4 and Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), which includes the previously separate Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders and Evas-generic-players packages. Also included are the connman connection manager for use with the E's Econnman UI, E's Polkit-EFL authentication agent, and three EFL-based applications: the Terminology advanced terminal emulator, the nimble Ephoto image viewer, and the light-weight Rage video player. As with the prior release, Mageia 7 also offers a Mageia-branded theme as the default.<br />
<br />
As always, E does not automatically include the startup applications from /etc/xdg/autostart. After installation, go to Main menu > Settings > Startup Applications and add needed system processes (e.g., a policy kit authentication agent) and desired applications to be started on boot up. If your installation includes the ICE windows manager, you may choose between the MATE authentication agent that comes with it and Polkit-EFL.<br />
<br />
Beginning with E20, Enlightenment's system tray converted from Xembed notifications with SNI appindicator notifications, which is not yet supported by all applications (e.g., Parcellite clipboard manager), while others use plugins (e.g, Pidgin, which has an Ubuntu indicator plugin in the Mageia package to enable systray notifications). <br />
<br />
As of the Beta releases there are three known issues. First, for systems with optical drives, the Enlightenment File Manager (EFM) does not mount them even though disks with and without data can be seen with other file managers. Second, Mageia enables systemd-networkd to manage networking by default. Those who prefer to use connman with the Econnman interface will find it is not always functional (after disabling systemd-networkd and enabling connman), probably as a result of the default wpa_supplicant configuration. (There is a separate, recently-developed wireless gadget for managing multiple backends that is not yet included in the Mageia repositories.) Third, the E17 themes still in the repository do not work with E22. Updated Mageia-branded themes may be packaged in the near future. Additional themes may also be found at https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/.<br />
<br />
=== Light window managers ===<br />
<br />
You can also keep your Mageia 7 installation very light and we provide for this a plethora of small and efficient window managers. You can find afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, and windowmaker. After installation, they appear in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
==== IceWM ====<br />
<br />
You will find now both "icewm" and "icewm-session" in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
Beginning with IceWM 1.2.13, there is a new binary named "icewm-session". This binary helps you to handle all IceWM subparts (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup, and shutdown, started in this order). '''Therefore, you should use icewm-session to start a complete IceWM session'''. Choosing "Icewm" will only start the window manager itself.<br />
<br />
== Office apps ==<br />
<br />
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.2. See [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.2 official release notes] for details.<br />
<br />
== Multimedia apps ==<br />
<br />
Since the last patent expired in April, 2017, mp3 encoding is now available in the core media. Tainted media are still needed for H.264, H.265/HEVC and AAC encoding.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
<br />
* Vim has been updated to 8.1<br />
* NeoVim 0.3.4 is also included<br />
<br />
== Games ==<br />
<br />
In the Mageia community, our love for free software extends to open source games. A huge effort has been made during the Mageia 7 release cycle to package many new games, making Mageia 7 a very good platform for intensive and casual gamers alike. You can check Mageia App DB to see a list of [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/6/withrelease/7/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 all the new and updated games in Mageia 7]. The following section will only give some cherry-picked examples for each game category.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 comes with both old and new versions of [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. The old is based on the GTK+ toolkit and has more activities. The new uses Qt and brings some new activities. We were [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris] among the donors in February, 2015, to improve the graphical interface of this very important project.<br />
<br />
== Software Development ==<br />
<br />
=== Compilers and tools ===<br />
<br />
GCC has been updated to 8.3.1, GDB to 8.2 and Valgrind to 3.15.0.<br />
LLVM has been updated to 7.0.0.<br />
<br />
libvirt 5.2 and virt-manager 2.1<br />
<br />
Firebird has been updated to 3.0.4<br />
<br />
IPython has been updated to 7.2.<br />
<br />
Most libraries were updated to recent stable versions (long-term support when available), such as Qt 5.12.2 and GTK+ 3.24.8.<br />
Tcl/Tk is at version 8.6.9.<br />
<br />
=== Language stacks ===<br />
<br />
Python 3 has been updated to 3.7.3, Python 2 to 2.7.16, and when possible, all Python modules are provided for Python 2 and Python 3.<br />
<br />
Perl has been updated to 5.28.1.<br />
Perl modules are now installed either in /usr/share/per5 (pure perl modules) or /usr/lib(64)/perl5 (binary modules), like Fedora does. Perl version is no more included in the standard path.<br />
<br />
Some important effort has been made to simplify the Java stack which was hard to maintain in Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
Ruby has been updated to 2.5.3.<br />
<br />
Rust is at version 1.34.0. It will be updated during Mageia 7's support life to follow new developments.<br />
<br />
PHP has been updated from 5.6 to 7.3, which gives a performance improvement of about 50%.<br />
<br />
== Miscellaneous ==<br />
<br />
= Upgrading from Mageia 6 =<br />
<br />
{{note|Please also read the [[Mageia_7_Errata#Upgrade_issues|known issues page]], chapter "Upgrade Issues" and the page "[[From Mageia 6 to 7]]" to avoid Upgrade issues.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrading from Mageia 6 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But, as always, it is very advisable to '''back up any important data before upgrading''' and make sure you have '''made all updates''' of Mageia 6 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading directly from Mageia 5 or another distribution is not supported.<br />
<br />
If you want to upgrade a 64-bit system, it may contain 32-bit software. This is not a problem provided '''it does not''' include development libraries. You can identify these by the word "devel" in the name. To know if your system houses such libraries you can use the command:<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}} <br />
You must un-install these libraries before upgrading.<br />
<br />
If '''3rd party repositories''', such as Google, have been added during the use of Mageia 6, be sure to make a backup/copy of /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to upgrade from Mageia 6:<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Warning: Upgrading an existing install using any of the Live images is '''NOT''' supported due to the Live image being copied "as is" to the target system. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which was '''NOT''' in UEFI, towards an UEFI-mode Mageia 7, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
== Upgrading via the Internet ==<br />
<br />
The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, '''will notify you''' that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.<br/><br />
<br />
If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) or the CLI ({{cmd|urpmi}}). Both methods are outlined below.<br />
<br />
Fully update your system and check you have enough free space (at least 2 GB, depending on your configuration) before starting the upgrade.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Use a wired internet connection if possible, especially when you're using nonfree wlan drivers}}<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI) ===<br />
<br />
If Mageia Online does not display a blue icon in the system tray offering you the option to upgrade to the new Mageia release:<br />
<br />
1. Make sure that your system is fully up-to-date by applying all available updates.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. In Mageia Control Center - Software Management - Configure Updates Frequency, make sure that the option "Check for newer default releases" is selected.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Look in your home folder for a hidden directory, /.MgaOnline. If there is a <br />
file mgaonline in that directory, then delete that file.<br />
<br />
After a reboot, the blue upgrade icon should appear when Mageia Online next checks for updates. <br />
<br />
If Mageia 6 has reached EOL, you will see an orange icon and a pop-up warning that Mageia 6 is no longer supported. <br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can launch the upgrade process by entering in a terminal:<br />
<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:<span style="font-family: courier; color: #7a4707; background-color: #e8e8e8;">mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=7</span><br />
<br />
It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 7 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start the migration.<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI) ===<br />
<br />
This method is useful when the root partition is encrypted as the booted system is already decrypting the partition.<br />
<br />
There are multiple ways of getting a Command Line Interface (CLI).<br />
<br />
The best method for performing an upgrade is to use run-level 3 so that the X server and graphical environment is not running.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the upgrade should be cleaner using run-level 3 than using a terminal application as fewer programs are running which could potentially mess up the upgrade.<br />
<br />
Run-level 3 can be enabled by appending "3" to the kernel command line in grub's menu.lst file and then rebooting the system to get a login prompt.<br />
<br />
It is recommended to run "script upgrade_log.txt" to capture the upgrade messages just in case a failure occurs. Use "exit" to quit out of "script".<br />
<br />
Here are the general upgrade steps:<br />
<br />
* Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}}<br />
* Add the Mageia 7 online sources, either:<br />
** Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.7.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi knows what to substitute for $ARCH)<br />
** Using a specific media mirror:<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*:You can get the mirror_url using the [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib Mageia mirrors web application].<br />
* Finally start upgrading: <br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto}}<br />
* It's best to run the above command twice because in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It is sometimes a good idea to test the upgrade before carrying it on. <br><br />
With this command: {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all --test}} all the packages are downloaded and the upgrade simulated only. <br><br />
If the result is good, then upgrade for real with the command {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all}} }}<br />
<br />
== Using the traditional Mageia 7 DVD to Upgrade ==<br />
<br />
You can use the traditional (so, non-Live) Mageia 7 DVD to do clean installs, but also to upgrade from Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
To upgrade:<br />
<br />
* Download the ISO from the Mageia [http://mageia.org/7/ download page] and burn it on a DVD, or dump it on a USB stick. For more details, have a look at this [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Installation_Media Available installation media article].<br />
* Boot the DVD and make sure it booted in the same mode (legacy/BIOS or UEFI) as Mageia 6 was installed in.<br />
* Select "Install Mageia 7" from the GRUB (the bootloader) menu.<br />
* Select the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/selectInstallClass.html upgrade] option.<br />
<br />
'''It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories.'''<br />
This is especially important if you use important 32-bit packages in an otherwise 64-bit install, because the 64-bit ISO will only contain the 64-bit packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.<br />
<br />
Moreover, it is possible that a particular Mageia 6 installation may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, an upgrade may fail to complete. At the time the ISOs are tested, it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 6 packages may be updated in the future, so offline upgrades (i.e., upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported. <br />
<br />
On the first reboot, use the command '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' to make [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 sure] all packages were updated.<br />
<br />
= Known issues =<br />
<br />
See the [[Mageia_7_Errata|Errata page]].<br />
<br />
== Obsoleted packages ==<br />
<br />
get-skype is now obsolete, as the classic Skype versions for Linux ceased to be supported by Skype on 1 July 2017.<br />
There is a new web-based Skype version which may be installed directly from the Skype web site by selecting the rpm version<br />
[https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ here]. Note that only 64-bit systems are supported.<br />
<br />
cvsps version 2, which was last updated over ten years ago, is now obsolete. It was used by git-cvsimport from the git-cvs<br />
package. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository, consider using cvs-fast-export.<br />
<br />
== Bug reporting ==<br />
<br />
We have a [https://bugs.mageia.org/ bug tracker], but please read the [[Mageia_7_Errata| Errata]] before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see [[Bugzilla#How-to_report_a_bug| how to report a bug]].<br />
<br />
== Device names changed for MMC devices ==<br />
<br />
By default, Mageia uses UUIDs for block-devices. It is possible that you deviated from the default and manually changed /etc/fstab to use device names for MMC block-devices. If so, you will have to change this from /dev/mmcblk0 to /dev/mmcblk1. This has changed in Linux kernel 4.14.<br />
<br />
== GNOME on Wayland and su - ==<br />
<br />
Some drak commands previously invoked from a "su -" root terminal no longer presents a user GUI interface, rather a ncurses interface.<br />
if this occurs, exit the ncurses interface, exit the root terminal and re-invoke as normal user terminal the drak command.<br />
a password popup will occur requesting root password and after correct password is entered, the expected GUI interface is presented.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mageia_development]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 7]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Archive:_Mageia_7_Release_Notes&diff=43849Archive: Mageia 7 Release Notes2019-04-17T13:27:12Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Editors */</p>
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<div><!-- '''This information is available in other languages''':<br /><br />
* [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]]<br />
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disable this so it's not in release note of isos medias--><br />
{{multi language banner|[[Mageia 7 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_7|Español]] ; [[Mageia_7_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] }} <br />
<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Mageia is a Free Software operating system of the GNU/Linux family, which can be installed on computers either as the main operating system, or as an alternative system to one or several pre-installed systems (''dual boot''). It is a community project supported by the non-profit Mageia.Org organization of elected contributors. Mageia is developed ''by'' and ''for'' its community of users, and is suitable for all kinds of users, from first-time GNU/Linux users to advanced developers or system administrators.<br />
<br />
The latest stable release of the Mageia project, Mageia 7 was developed for over one year before. It will be supported with security and bug fix updates for 18 months, up to XX XXXXXry 2020.<br />
<br />
== Available installation media ==<br />
<br />
Mageia has two distinct installation media types:<br />
<br />
* '''Classical ISOs''' (DVD 32-bit, DVD 64-bit), which use the [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/index.html DrakX traditional installer]. The 32-bit and 64-bit DVD ISOs contain all supported locales, a great variety of packages to choose from (including most supported desktop environments) and '''all non-free drivers'''. The use of non-free packages can be disabled during the installation.<br />
* '''Live ISOs''', which can be used to preview the distribution, are an installation alternative to place Mageia on your hard drive. Live media come with either the Plasma (64-bit), GNOME (64-bit) or Xfce (32 or 64-bit) desktop environments. The Live DVDs contain all supported locales and a preselection of software, making them a quicker way to get started working with Mageia. Note that we added a ''persistence'' feature which allows creation of a partition on a USB stick to store customization of the system which survives after a reboot.<br />
<br />
All ISO images can be burned to a DVD or [[Installation_Media#Dump_Mageia_ISO_on_a_USB_flash_drive|dumped on a USB flash drive]]. Please note the file and device size limits as, for example, a 4 GB ISO image can be too big for some "nominally" 4 GB USB drives, due to their actual capacity being slightly lower than the marketed size.<br />
<br />
For more information, please have a look at our [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html installation media] manual page.<br />
<br />
You will find the different download options on the [https://www.mageia.org/7/ Mageia 7 download page]: direct (FTP and HTTP) and BitTorrent downloads are available.<br />
<br />
== The Mageia online repositories ==<br />
<br />
The software packages that are included in Mageia sit in three different repositories/media, depending on the type of license applied to each package. Here's an overview of those repositories:<br />
<br />
* '''Core''': The Core repository includes packages with free-and-open-source software, i.e., packages licensed under a free-and-open-source license. The set of the "Core" media along with "Core Release" and "Core Updates" are enabled by default.<br />
* '''Nonfree''': The Nonfree repository includes packages that are free-of-charge and free to redistribute, but that contain closed-source software (hence the name - Nonfree). For example, this repository includes NVIDIA and AMD/ATI proprietary graphics card drivers, firmware for various WiFi cards, etc.<br /><br />
The Nonfree media set is enabled by default but can be disabled, if necessary, during the installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''': The Tainted repository includes packages released under a free license. The main criterion for placing packages in this repository is that they may infringe on patents and copyright laws in some countries, e.g., multimedia codecs needed to play various audio/video files; packages needed to play a commercial video DVD, etc.<br /><br />
The Tainted media set is added by default but '''not''' enabled by default, i.e., it's completely opt-in; so, check your local laws before using packages from this repository.<br />
<br />
Please also note that on a 64-bit system, the 32-bit repositories are also added. If the Nonfree or Tainted 64-bit repositories are enabled, the corresponding 32-bit repositories should also be enabled (both in Release and Updates flavors), as they are needed by some packages, such as PlayOnLinux or Steam.<br />
<br />
= Release highlights =<br />
<br />
== ARM support ==<br />
<br />
The ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine) port rebooted during Mageia 6 days has been enhanced.<br />
The core is available for ARMv7 and aarch64.<br />
Support for ARMv5 has been dropped.<br />
<br />
There is no traditional installer for now, and it is still considered experimental, but most of the distribution was built successfully on both architectures (see our [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html ARM status overview] for details). The plan is to provide installation images for popular ARM devices in the coming months. There is no ETA for those as of Mageia 7's release.<br />
<br />
= Major developments =<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
=== Stage 1 ===<br />
<br />
* Hardware support was extended to be able to start the installer on very recent computers<br />
* NFS support is done using system tools rather than our 15 years old forked NFS code, thus gaining support for NFSv4 & co...<br />
* Can install from a hard disk formatted in any supported fs rather than just btrfs, ext[2-4], ISO9660, JFS, ntfs, reiserfs, vfat & XFS<br />
* Added support for automatic installation off hard disk, either from ISO or from a distrib tree. Eg:<br />
:: <code>automatic=method:disk,disk:vdb,partition:vdb1,dir:/Mageia/Mga6.iso</code><br />
<br />
=== Stage 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Lots of bug fixes and improvements in the partitioner<br />
<br />
=== Hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* New architectures:<br />
** ARM v5 support has been dropped<br />
** ARM v7 support has been enhanced.<br />
** Aarch64 support is added.<br />
<br />
== Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ==<br />
<br />
=== Manuals ===<br />
<br />
* The manuals for the traditional installer and for the Mageia Control Center have been (partially) translated into many more languages. See [http://www.mageia.org/doc/ our official documentation]<br />
* An English screenshot is used when a localized screenshot is unavailable for an HTML manual.<br />
* PDF and EPUB manuals are created only when more than half of the needed localized screenshots for those manuals are available.<br />
<br />
=== Software translations ===<br />
<br />
New translations have been added, while others were improved.<br />
Thank you to our dedicated community of translators for your reliable work.<br />
<br />
== Package management ==<br />
<br />
=== New RPM ===<br />
<br />
RPM has been upgraded to version 4.14.2.1.<br />
<br />
RPM 4.14 offers key improvements to RPM as a whole, including:<br />
<br />
* Major revamp of debuginfo packages<br />
* Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to utilize a single codepath<br />
* New SHA256 digests in packages: one for compressed payload alone and one for the header<br />
* Weak dependencies are taken into account when ordering<br />
* Support for a configurable mode to conserve SSD disks<br />
* Support for zstd compression<br />
<br />
More information on changes from RPM 4.13 (which shipped with Mageia 6) to RPM 4.14.2.1 is available from the RPM website:<br />
* RPM 4.14: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.0<br />
* RPM 4.14.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.1<br />
* RPM 4.14.2: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2<br />
* RPM 4.14.2.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2.1<br />
<br />
=== DNF: the alternative package manager ===<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) was introduced as an alternative to urpmi since Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF is a next-generation dependency resolver and high-level package management tool that traces its ancestry to two projects: Fedora's YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and openSUSE's SAT Solver (libsolv). DNF was forked from YUM several years ago in order to rewrite it to use the SAT Solver library from openSUSE and to massively restructure the codebase so that a sane API would be available for both extending DNF (via plugins and hooks) and building applications on top of it (such as graphical frontends and system lifecycle automation frameworks).<br />
<br />
DNF comes with enhanced problem reporting, advanced tracking of weak dependencies, support for rich dependencies (see the RPM release notes for more on this), and more detailed transaction information while performing actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with DNF v4.2.2. This version improves DNF over version 2.x in Mageia 6 by rewriting most of the logic from Python to C++ and moving it to the libdnf library for performance. It also introduces support for modules, though Mageia is not currently publishing any modules in its repositories.<br />
<br />
More information on modularity: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
DNF release notes: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
With fresh installations via the classical and live media, DNF will be installed in parallel with urpmi. Depending on the method used to upgrade to Mageia 7, it may be necessary to install the {{Prog|dnf}} package to have it available.<br />
<br />
For information on how to use DNF, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using DNF]].<br />
<br />
=== AppStream ===<br />
<br />
Our RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) repositories (used by DNF and PackageKit) provide AppStream metadata. Tools like GNOME Software (GNOME Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|gnome-software}}) and Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|discover}}) leverage AppStream metadata to provide a rich experience when searching, identifying, and managing applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream is a cross-distribution effort for enhancing software repositories by standardizing software component metadata. It enables an application-centric view on package repositories and provides specifications for things needed to create user-friendly application centers.<br />
<br />
See the AppStream website for more information: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
=== perl-URPM and urpmi ===<br />
<br />
* Doc has been enhanced<br />
* urpmi/perl-URPM support a wider range of rpm versions, from rpm-4.11 to latest 4.14<br />
* Various bug fixes have been made.<br />
<br />
== Tools ==<br />
<br />
=== Mageia Control Center ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
<br />
==== MageiaWelcome ====<br />
The 'Welcome' screen is an application that is presented to users when booting into a fresh installation of Mageia. It has now been entirely reworked to have a linear approach, with successive steps following in a logical order of important things to know and do post-installation. By default, it will run at each subsequent boot, but this behaviour is optional. Even if the auto-run option is disabled - it can be invoked at any time as an application (mageiawelcome).<br />
<br />
Under the hood, it uses Python and QML. It is now resizeable and will use the fonts of the desktop environment.<br />
<br />
==== Isodumper ====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks|Isodumper]] is a tool to write ISO images on memory devices. It now uses an improved checking routine after writing operations by looking for a sha512 sum file and corresponding signature. If the sum is found, the application compares the computed sum to the stored one, and additionally indicates if the sum is signed. Another modification is that the application no longer runs with root privileges, but as a user's application - root privileges are requested only when needed (for writing or formatting operations). This should improve the security level. <br><br><br />
We also added a feature in relation to Live images: By ticking a check-box, any remaining space on the device can be designated as a ''persistence'' partition. See [[Installation_Media#Persistence_with_memory_devices|here]] for more information.<br />
<br />
==== Docker ====<br />
<br />
The Docker ecosystem has been augmented (based on the 18.06 version of the engine) with many additional tools such as docker-compose (orchestration with v3 support), containerd (daemon controlling runC), docker-registry (share of images), docker-machine (install docker on a remote system), and python-docker (python 2 and 3 libraries for engine API management).<br />
<br />
==== LiveCD Tools ====<br />
<br />
With Mageia 7, the LiveCD Tools have been rebased to the latest version (v27.0).<br />
<br />
For information on how to use the LiveCD Tools, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using the LiveCD Tools]]<br />
<br />
==== draklive2 ====<br />
<br />
The tool used to build the distribution Live ISOs has been revised to make it easier to use. Several examples are provided to help users build their own customised variants of the Live ISOs. There is now a GUI mode, based on the Mageia classical installer, to support package and locale selection.<br />
<br />
For more information, please refer to the wiki page: [[draklive2]]<br />
<br />
== Base system ==<br />
<br />
=== Kernel and hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* Mageia 7 ships with kernel 5.0.<br />
All hardware managed by this kernel version is enabled. The kernel provides better graphics with Mesa 19.0. <br />
* Other kernel flavors are included, particularly, kernel-tmb and kernel-linus (a vanilla stock kernel without any extra patchset). See the wiki page [[Kernel_flavours]] for more information.<br />
<br />
=== X Window System (X11) ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with X.Org 1.20.4.<br />
<br />
=== AMD video drivers ===<br />
* Mageia 7 uses the free video drivers for AMD/ATI graphics cards, AMDGPU for newer cards and Radeon for older graphics cards. The free drivers also use the current Mesa 19.0, provided with Mageia 7. Compared with Mageia 6, hardware support has been increased and performance has been improved.<br />
* The proprietary AMDGPU-PRO driver currently only works with X.org 1.1xx, so it cannot be used in Mageia 7.<br />
* In case of a hybrid card, the solution exposed with the [[#Optimus laptops|nouveau driver]] and the precommand DRI_PRIME=n is also working, at least with the radeon driver.<br />
<br />
=== NVIDIA drivers ===<br />
* The current libre Nouveau drivers are provided. Their performance was greatly improved during Mageia's release cycle, and they might satisfy most owners of Nvidia hardware for casual usage.<br />
* The packages for the latest NVIDIA (long-lived branch, release 418.56 at the time of writing) proprietary drivers are provided in the nonfree media repositories. CUDA 10.1.105 is also included in the same nonfree repositories and can be used out of the box after proprietary drivers are correctly configured.<br />
* For older graphics cards, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers of the 340 and 390 branches are also still provided (390 being supported on x86_64 only).<br />
<br />
==== Optimus laptops ====<br />
Owners of NVIDIA Optimus laptops (integrated Intel graphics processor and discrete NVIDIA GPU) now have three ways to benefit from the power of their discrete GPU:<br />
* The free Nouveau drivers support Prime GPU offloading out of the box, which can be used via the DRI_PRIME=1 environment variable (unless the proprietary NVIDIA driver is in use by, e.g., mageia-prime). Refer to the [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ Nouveau documentation] to see how to configure Xorg to use NVIDIA Prime with DRI3.<br />
* As in Mageia 6, the [[Bumblebee]] package can be used to bridge the monitor to the NVIDIA GPU, allowing to access its processing power albeit with some overhead.<br />
* A new experimental tool named {{Prog|mageia-prime}} can be used to configure the NVIDIA Prime supported by recent Linux kernels and Xorg servers. It allows to fully switch to using the NVIDIA GPU without the overhead of Bumblebee, and is particularly suited for use with CUDA.<br />
<br />
In all three cases, when configuring the graphics drivers, one must only configure the Intel card (at least in most Optimus configurations), as it is typically the only one physically connected to a monitor.<br />
<br />
=== Bootloaders ===<br />
* For UEFI boot, the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ rEFInd boot manager] is now supported as an alternative to GRUB2.<br />
<br />
== Desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
All the desktop environments mentioned below are included in Mageia's online repositories, and can be installed in parallel on any Mageia 7 system. Some of them are also included on the physical media, LiveDVDs and Classical DVDs, as specified in each section.<br />
<br />
=== Plasma ===<br />
<br />
Plasma, the new desktop environment of the KDE community, is provided in version 5.15.<br />
<br />
If you want to try Plasma under Wayland, just install plasma-workspace-wayland, and it should appear in your favorite display manager's list of desktop environments.<br />
<br />
The default display manager (DM) for the Plasma environment is SDDM, and replaces the now obsolete KDM.<br />
<br />
Plasma has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== GNOME ===<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.32 is provided. It now defaults to running on Wayland, but also provides an alternative "GNOME on Xorg" session.<br />
<br />
For those preferring the GNOME 2 look and feel, GNOME 3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.<br />
<br />
GNOME has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXDE ===<br />
<br />
The very lightweight GTK+2-based desktop environment is still available and continues to receive improvements from upstream and our Mageia maintainer, even though its community has partly refocused on LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Xfce ===<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.13 is provided. It uses GTK+3 instead of GTK+2 as with Xfce 4.12. If version 4.14 becomes available in the lifecycle of Mageia 7, it will be updated to 4.14.<br />
<br />
Xfce has dedicated 32-bit and 64-bit LiveDVDs and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXQt ===<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.14.1 is provided.<br />
<br />
LXQt cannot be installed out of the box from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer) due to space constraints on the ISOs.<br />
Online media need to be added to enable more options during the initial installation - this is explained in the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/en/content/add_supplemental_media.html installer documentation].<br />
<br />
=== MATE ===<br />
<br />
MATE 1.22.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
MATE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer). Due to DVD space considerations, some applications such as mate-screenshot (screenshot application) are not included in Classical DVD ISO. For a full MATE Desktop experience, users are suggested to install {{pkg|task-mate}} package after initial installation.<br />
<br />
=== Cinnamon === <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Enlightenment ===<br />
<br />
The Enlightenment task package comes with E22.4 and Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), which includes the previously separate Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders and Evas-generic-players packages. Also included are the connman connection manager for use with the E's Econnman UI, E's Polkit-EFL authentication agent, and three EFL-based applications: the Terminology advanced terminal emulator, the nimble Ephoto image viewer, and the light-weight Rage video player. As with the prior release, Mageia 7 also offers a Mageia-branded theme as the default.<br />
<br />
As always, E does not automatically include the startup applications from /etc/xdg/autostart. After installation, go to Main menu > Settings > Startup Applications and add needed system processes (e.g., a policy kit authentication agent) and desired applications to be started on boot up. If your installation includes the ICE windows manager, you may choose between the MATE authentication agent that comes with it and Polkit-EFL.<br />
<br />
Beginning with E20, Enlightenment's system tray converted from Xembed notifications with SNI appindicator notifications, which is not yet supported by all applications (e.g., Parcellite clipboard manager), while others use plugins (e.g, Pidgin, which has an Ubuntu indicator plugin in the Mageia package to enable systray notifications). <br />
<br />
As of the Beta releases there are three known issues. First, for systems with optical drives, the Enlightenment File Manager (EFM) does not mount them even though disks with and without data can be seen with other file managers. Second, Mageia enables systemd-networkd to manage networking by default. Those who prefer to use connman with the Econnman interface will find it is not always functional (after disabling systemd-networkd and enabling connman), probably as a result of the default wpa_supplicant configuration. (There is a separate, recently-developed wireless gadget for managing multiple backends that is not yet included in the Mageia repositories.) Third, the E17 themes still in the repository do not work with E22. Updated Mageia-branded themes may be packaged in the near future. Additional themes may also be found at https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/.<br />
<br />
=== Light window managers ===<br />
<br />
You can also keep your Mageia 7 installation very light and we provide for this a plethora of small and efficient window managers. You can find afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, and windowmaker. After installation, they appear in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
==== IceWM ====<br />
<br />
You will find now both "icewm" and "icewm-session" in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
Beginning with IceWM 1.2.13, there is a new binary named "icewm-session". This binary helps you to handle all IceWM subparts (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup, and shutdown, started in this order). '''Therefore, you should use icewm-session to start a complete IceWM session'''. Choosing "Icewm" will only start the window manager itself.<br />
<br />
== Office apps ==<br />
<br />
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.2. See [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.2 official release notes] for details.<br />
<br />
== Multimedia apps ==<br />
<br />
Since the last patent expired in April, 2017, mp3 encoding is now available in the core media. Tainted media are still needed for H.264, H.265/HEVC and AAC encoding.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
<br />
* Vim has been updated to 8.1<br />
* NeoVim 0.3.4 is also included<br />
<br />
== Games ==<br />
<br />
In the Mageia community, our love for free software extends to open source games. A huge effort has been made during the Mageia 7 release cycle to package many new games, making Mageia 7 a very good platform for intensive and casual gamers alike. You can check Mageia App DB to see a list of [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/6/withrelease/7/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 all the new and updated games in Mageia 7]. The following section will only give some cherry-picked examples for each game category.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 comes with both old and new versions of [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. The old is based on the GTK+ toolkit and has more activities. The new uses Qt and brings some new activities. We were [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris] among the donors in February, 2015, to improve the graphical interface of this very important project.<br />
<br />
== Software Development ==<br />
<br />
=== Compilers and tools ===<br />
<br />
GCC has been updated to 8.2.1, GDB to 8.2 and Valgrind to 3.14.0.<br />
LLVM has been updated to 7.0.0.<br />
<br />
libvirt 4.8 and virt-manager 2.0<br />
<br />
Firebird has been updated to 3.0.3<br />
<br />
IPython has been updated to 6.3.<br />
<br />
Most libraries were updated to recent stable versions (long-term support when available), such as Qt 5.11.2 and GTK+ 3.22.30.<br />
Tcl/Tk is at version 8.6.8.<br />
<br />
=== Language stacks ===<br />
<br />
Python 3 has been updated to 3.6.6, Python 2 to 2.7.15, and when possible, all Python modules are provided for Python 2 and Python 3.<br />
<br />
Perl has been updated to 5.28.0.<br />
Perl modules are now installed either in /usr/share/per5 (pure perl modules) or /usr/lib(64)/perl5 (binary modules), like Fedora does. Perl version is no more included in the standard path.<br />
<br />
Some important effort has been made to simplify the Java stack which was hard to maintain in Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
Ruby has been updated to 2.5.3.<br />
<br />
Rust is at version 1.30.0. It will be updated during Mageia 7's support life to follow new developments.<br />
<br />
PHP has been updated from 5.6 to 7.3, which gives a performance improvement of about 50%.<br />
<br />
== Miscellaneous ==<br />
<br />
= Upgrading from Mageia 6 =<br />
<br />
{{note|Please also read the [[Mageia_7_Errata#Upgrade_issues|known issues page]], chapter "Upgrade Issues" and the page "[[From Mageia 6 to 7]]" to avoid Upgrade issues.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrading from Mageia 6 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But, as always, it is very advisable to '''back up any important data before upgrading''' and make sure you have '''made all updates''' of Mageia 6 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading directly from Mageia 5 or another distribution is not supported.<br />
<br />
If you want to upgrade a 64-bit system, it may contain 32-bit software. This is not a problem provided '''it does not''' include development libraries. You can identify these by the word "devel" in the name. To know if your system houses such libraries you can use the command:<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}} <br />
You must un-install these libraries before upgrading.<br />
<br />
If '''3rd party repositories''', such as Google, have been added during the use of Mageia 6, be sure to make a backup/copy of /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to upgrade from Mageia 6:<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Warning: Upgrading an existing install using any of the Live images is '''NOT''' supported due to the Live image being copied "as is" to the target system. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which was '''NOT''' in UEFI, towards an UEFI-mode Mageia 7, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
== Upgrading via the Internet ==<br />
<br />
The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, '''will notify you''' that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.<br/><br />
<br />
If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) or the CLI ({{cmd|urpmi}}). Both methods are outlined below.<br />
<br />
Fully update your system and check you have enough free space (at least 2 GB, depending on your configuration) before starting the upgrade.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Use a wired internet connection if possible, especially when you're using nonfree wlan drivers}}<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI) ===<br />
<br />
If Mageia Online does not display a blue icon in the system tray offering you the option to upgrade to the new Mageia release:<br />
<br />
1. Make sure that your system is fully up-to-date by applying all available updates.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. In Mageia Control Center - Software Management - Configure Updates Frequency, make sure that the option "Check for newer default releases" is selected.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Look in your home folder for a hidden directory, /.MgaOnline. If there is a <br />
file mgaonline in that directory, then delete that file.<br />
<br />
After a reboot, the blue upgrade icon should appear when Mageia Online next checks for updates. <br />
<br />
If Mageia 6 has reached EOL, you will see an orange icon and a pop-up warning that Mageia 6 is no longer supported. <br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can launch the upgrade process by entering in a terminal:<br />
<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:<span style="font-family: courier; color: #7a4707; background-color: #e8e8e8;">mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=7</span><br />
<br />
It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 7 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start the migration.<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI) ===<br />
<br />
This method is useful when the root partition is encrypted as the booted system is already decrypting the partition.<br />
<br />
There are multiple ways of getting a Command Line Interface (CLI).<br />
<br />
The best method for performing an upgrade is to use run-level 3 so that the X server and graphical environment is not running.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the upgrade should be cleaner using run-level 3 than using a terminal application as fewer programs are running which could potentially mess up the upgrade.<br />
<br />
Run-level 3 can be enabled by appending "3" to the kernel command line in grub's menu.lst file and then rebooting the system to get a login prompt.<br />
<br />
It is recommended to run "script upgrade_log.txt" to capture the upgrade messages just in case a failure occurs. Use "exit" to quit out of "script".<br />
<br />
Here are the general upgrade steps:<br />
<br />
* Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}}<br />
* Add the Mageia 7 online sources, either:<br />
** Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.7.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi knows what to substitute for $ARCH)<br />
** Using a specific media mirror:<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*:You can get the mirror_url using the [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib Mageia mirrors web application].<br />
* Finally start upgrading: <br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto}}<br />
* It's best to run the above command twice because in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It is sometimes a good idea to test the upgrade before carrying it on. <br><br />
With this command: {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all --test}} all the packages are downloaded and the upgrade simulated only. <br><br />
If the result is good, then upgrade for real with the command {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all}} }}<br />
<br />
== Using the traditional Mageia 7 DVD to Upgrade ==<br />
<br />
You can use the traditional (so, non-Live) Mageia 7 DVD to do clean installs, but also to upgrade from Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
To upgrade:<br />
<br />
* Download the ISO from the Mageia [http://mageia.org/7/ download page] and burn it on a DVD, or dump it on a USB stick. For more details, have a look at this [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Installation_Media Available installation media article].<br />
* Boot the DVD and make sure it booted in the same mode (legacy/BIOS or UEFI) as Mageia 6 was installed in.<br />
* Select "Install Mageia 7" from the GRUB (the bootloader) menu.<br />
* Select the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/selectInstallClass.html upgrade] option.<br />
<br />
'''It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories.'''<br />
This is especially important if you use important 32-bit packages in an otherwise 64-bit install, because the 64-bit ISO will only contain the 64-bit packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.<br />
<br />
Moreover, it is possible that a particular Mageia 6 installation may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, an upgrade may fail to complete. At the time the ISOs are tested, it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 6 packages may be updated in the future, so offline upgrades (i.e., upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported. <br />
<br />
On the first reboot, use the command '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' to make [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 sure] all packages were updated.<br />
<br />
= Known issues =<br />
<br />
See the [[Mageia_7_Errata|Errata page]].<br />
<br />
== Obsoleted packages ==<br />
<br />
get-skype is now obsolete, as the classic Skype versions for Linux ceased to be supported by Skype on 1 July 2017.<br />
There is a new web-based Skype version which may be installed directly from the Skype web site by selecting the rpm version<br />
[https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ here]. Note that only 64-bit systems are supported.<br />
<br />
cvsps version 2, which was last updated over ten years ago, is now obsolete. It was used by git-cvsimport from the git-cvs<br />
package. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository, consider using cvs-fast-export.<br />
<br />
== Bug reporting ==<br />
<br />
We have a [https://bugs.mageia.org/ bug tracker], but please read the [[Mageia_7_Errata| Errata]] before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see [[Bugzilla#How-to_report_a_bug| how to report a bug]].<br />
<br />
== Device names changed for MMC devices ==<br />
<br />
By default, Mageia uses UUIDs for block-devices. It is possible that you deviated from the default and manually changed /etc/fstab to use device names for MMC block-devices. If so, you will have to change this from /dev/mmcblk0 to /dev/mmcblk1. This has changed in Linux kernel 4.14.<br />
<br />
== GNOME on Wayland and su - ==<br />
<br />
Some drak commands previously invoked from a "su -" root terminal no longer presents a user GUI interface, rather a ncurses interface.<br />
if this occurs, exit the ncurses interface, exit the root terminal and re-invoke as normal user terminal the drak command.<br />
a password popup will occur requesting root password and after correct password is entered, the expected GUI interface is presented.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mageia_development]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 7]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Archive:_Mageia_7_Release_Notes&diff=43848Archive: Mageia 7 Release Notes2019-04-17T13:26:34Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Office apps */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- '''This information is available in other languages''':<br /><br />
* [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]]<br />
<br />
disable this so it's not in release note of isos medias--><br />
{{multi language banner|[[Mageia 7 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_7|Español]] ; [[Mageia_7_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] }} <br />
<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Mageia is a Free Software operating system of the GNU/Linux family, which can be installed on computers either as the main operating system, or as an alternative system to one or several pre-installed systems (''dual boot''). It is a community project supported by the non-profit Mageia.Org organization of elected contributors. Mageia is developed ''by'' and ''for'' its community of users, and is suitable for all kinds of users, from first-time GNU/Linux users to advanced developers or system administrators.<br />
<br />
The latest stable release of the Mageia project, Mageia 7 was developed for over one year before. It will be supported with security and bug fix updates for 18 months, up to XX XXXXXry 2020.<br />
<br />
== Available installation media ==<br />
<br />
Mageia has two distinct installation media types:<br />
<br />
* '''Classical ISOs''' (DVD 32-bit, DVD 64-bit), which use the [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/index.html DrakX traditional installer]. The 32-bit and 64-bit DVD ISOs contain all supported locales, a great variety of packages to choose from (including most supported desktop environments) and '''all non-free drivers'''. The use of non-free packages can be disabled during the installation.<br />
* '''Live ISOs''', which can be used to preview the distribution, are an installation alternative to place Mageia on your hard drive. Live media come with either the Plasma (64-bit), GNOME (64-bit) or Xfce (32 or 64-bit) desktop environments. The Live DVDs contain all supported locales and a preselection of software, making them a quicker way to get started working with Mageia. Note that we added a ''persistence'' feature which allows creation of a partition on a USB stick to store customization of the system which survives after a reboot.<br />
<br />
All ISO images can be burned to a DVD or [[Installation_Media#Dump_Mageia_ISO_on_a_USB_flash_drive|dumped on a USB flash drive]]. Please note the file and device size limits as, for example, a 4 GB ISO image can be too big for some "nominally" 4 GB USB drives, due to their actual capacity being slightly lower than the marketed size.<br />
<br />
For more information, please have a look at our [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html installation media] manual page.<br />
<br />
You will find the different download options on the [https://www.mageia.org/7/ Mageia 7 download page]: direct (FTP and HTTP) and BitTorrent downloads are available.<br />
<br />
== The Mageia online repositories ==<br />
<br />
The software packages that are included in Mageia sit in three different repositories/media, depending on the type of license applied to each package. Here's an overview of those repositories:<br />
<br />
* '''Core''': The Core repository includes packages with free-and-open-source software, i.e., packages licensed under a free-and-open-source license. The set of the "Core" media along with "Core Release" and "Core Updates" are enabled by default.<br />
* '''Nonfree''': The Nonfree repository includes packages that are free-of-charge and free to redistribute, but that contain closed-source software (hence the name - Nonfree). For example, this repository includes NVIDIA and AMD/ATI proprietary graphics card drivers, firmware for various WiFi cards, etc.<br /><br />
The Nonfree media set is enabled by default but can be disabled, if necessary, during the installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''': The Tainted repository includes packages released under a free license. The main criterion for placing packages in this repository is that they may infringe on patents and copyright laws in some countries, e.g., multimedia codecs needed to play various audio/video files; packages needed to play a commercial video DVD, etc.<br /><br />
The Tainted media set is added by default but '''not''' enabled by default, i.e., it's completely opt-in; so, check your local laws before using packages from this repository.<br />
<br />
Please also note that on a 64-bit system, the 32-bit repositories are also added. If the Nonfree or Tainted 64-bit repositories are enabled, the corresponding 32-bit repositories should also be enabled (both in Release and Updates flavors), as they are needed by some packages, such as PlayOnLinux or Steam.<br />
<br />
= Release highlights =<br />
<br />
== ARM support ==<br />
<br />
The ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine) port rebooted during Mageia 6 days has been enhanced.<br />
The core is available for ARMv7 and aarch64.<br />
Support for ARMv5 has been dropped.<br />
<br />
There is no traditional installer for now, and it is still considered experimental, but most of the distribution was built successfully on both architectures (see our [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html ARM status overview] for details). The plan is to provide installation images for popular ARM devices in the coming months. There is no ETA for those as of Mageia 7's release.<br />
<br />
= Major developments =<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
=== Stage 1 ===<br />
<br />
* Hardware support was extended to be able to start the installer on very recent computers<br />
* NFS support is done using system tools rather than our 15 years old forked NFS code, thus gaining support for NFSv4 & co...<br />
* Can install from a hard disk formatted in any supported fs rather than just btrfs, ext[2-4], ISO9660, JFS, ntfs, reiserfs, vfat & XFS<br />
* Added support for automatic installation off hard disk, either from ISO or from a distrib tree. Eg:<br />
:: <code>automatic=method:disk,disk:vdb,partition:vdb1,dir:/Mageia/Mga6.iso</code><br />
<br />
=== Stage 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Lots of bug fixes and improvements in the partitioner<br />
<br />
=== Hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* New architectures:<br />
** ARM v5 support has been dropped<br />
** ARM v7 support has been enhanced.<br />
** Aarch64 support is added.<br />
<br />
== Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ==<br />
<br />
=== Manuals ===<br />
<br />
* The manuals for the traditional installer and for the Mageia Control Center have been (partially) translated into many more languages. See [http://www.mageia.org/doc/ our official documentation]<br />
* An English screenshot is used when a localized screenshot is unavailable for an HTML manual.<br />
* PDF and EPUB manuals are created only when more than half of the needed localized screenshots for those manuals are available.<br />
<br />
=== Software translations ===<br />
<br />
New translations have been added, while others were improved.<br />
Thank you to our dedicated community of translators for your reliable work.<br />
<br />
== Package management ==<br />
<br />
=== New RPM ===<br />
<br />
RPM has been upgraded to version 4.14.2.1.<br />
<br />
RPM 4.14 offers key improvements to RPM as a whole, including:<br />
<br />
* Major revamp of debuginfo packages<br />
* Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to utilize a single codepath<br />
* New SHA256 digests in packages: one for compressed payload alone and one for the header<br />
* Weak dependencies are taken into account when ordering<br />
* Support for a configurable mode to conserve SSD disks<br />
* Support for zstd compression<br />
<br />
More information on changes from RPM 4.13 (which shipped with Mageia 6) to RPM 4.14.2.1 is available from the RPM website:<br />
* RPM 4.14: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.0<br />
* RPM 4.14.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.1<br />
* RPM 4.14.2: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2<br />
* RPM 4.14.2.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2.1<br />
<br />
=== DNF: the alternative package manager ===<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) was introduced as an alternative to urpmi since Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF is a next-generation dependency resolver and high-level package management tool that traces its ancestry to two projects: Fedora's YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and openSUSE's SAT Solver (libsolv). DNF was forked from YUM several years ago in order to rewrite it to use the SAT Solver library from openSUSE and to massively restructure the codebase so that a sane API would be available for both extending DNF (via plugins and hooks) and building applications on top of it (such as graphical frontends and system lifecycle automation frameworks).<br />
<br />
DNF comes with enhanced problem reporting, advanced tracking of weak dependencies, support for rich dependencies (see the RPM release notes for more on this), and more detailed transaction information while performing actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with DNF v4.2.2. This version improves DNF over version 2.x in Mageia 6 by rewriting most of the logic from Python to C++ and moving it to the libdnf library for performance. It also introduces support for modules, though Mageia is not currently publishing any modules in its repositories.<br />
<br />
More information on modularity: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
DNF release notes: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
With fresh installations via the classical and live media, DNF will be installed in parallel with urpmi. Depending on the method used to upgrade to Mageia 7, it may be necessary to install the {{Prog|dnf}} package to have it available.<br />
<br />
For information on how to use DNF, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using DNF]].<br />
<br />
=== AppStream ===<br />
<br />
Our RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) repositories (used by DNF and PackageKit) provide AppStream metadata. Tools like GNOME Software (GNOME Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|gnome-software}}) and Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|discover}}) leverage AppStream metadata to provide a rich experience when searching, identifying, and managing applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream is a cross-distribution effort for enhancing software repositories by standardizing software component metadata. It enables an application-centric view on package repositories and provides specifications for things needed to create user-friendly application centers.<br />
<br />
See the AppStream website for more information: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
=== perl-URPM and urpmi ===<br />
<br />
* Doc has been enhanced<br />
* urpmi/perl-URPM support a wider range of rpm versions, from rpm-4.11 to latest 4.14<br />
* Various bug fixes have been made.<br />
<br />
== Tools ==<br />
<br />
=== Mageia Control Center ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
<br />
==== MageiaWelcome ====<br />
The 'Welcome' screen is an application that is presented to users when booting into a fresh installation of Mageia. It has now been entirely reworked to have a linear approach, with successive steps following in a logical order of important things to know and do post-installation. By default, it will run at each subsequent boot, but this behaviour is optional. Even if the auto-run option is disabled - it can be invoked at any time as an application (mageiawelcome).<br />
<br />
Under the hood, it uses Python and QML. It is now resizeable and will use the fonts of the desktop environment.<br />
<br />
==== Isodumper ====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks|Isodumper]] is a tool to write ISO images on memory devices. It now uses an improved checking routine after writing operations by looking for a sha512 sum file and corresponding signature. If the sum is found, the application compares the computed sum to the stored one, and additionally indicates if the sum is signed. Another modification is that the application no longer runs with root privileges, but as a user's application - root privileges are requested only when needed (for writing or formatting operations). This should improve the security level. <br><br><br />
We also added a feature in relation to Live images: By ticking a check-box, any remaining space on the device can be designated as a ''persistence'' partition. See [[Installation_Media#Persistence_with_memory_devices|here]] for more information.<br />
<br />
==== Docker ====<br />
<br />
The Docker ecosystem has been augmented (based on the 18.06 version of the engine) with many additional tools such as docker-compose (orchestration with v3 support), containerd (daemon controlling runC), docker-registry (share of images), docker-machine (install docker on a remote system), and python-docker (python 2 and 3 libraries for engine API management).<br />
<br />
==== LiveCD Tools ====<br />
<br />
With Mageia 7, the LiveCD Tools have been rebased to the latest version (v27.0).<br />
<br />
For information on how to use the LiveCD Tools, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using the LiveCD Tools]]<br />
<br />
==== draklive2 ====<br />
<br />
The tool used to build the distribution Live ISOs has been revised to make it easier to use. Several examples are provided to help users build their own customised variants of the Live ISOs. There is now a GUI mode, based on the Mageia classical installer, to support package and locale selection.<br />
<br />
For more information, please refer to the wiki page: [[draklive2]]<br />
<br />
== Base system ==<br />
<br />
=== Kernel and hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* Mageia 7 ships with kernel 5.0.<br />
All hardware managed by this kernel version is enabled. The kernel provides better graphics with Mesa 19.0. <br />
* Other kernel flavors are included, particularly, kernel-tmb and kernel-linus (a vanilla stock kernel without any extra patchset). See the wiki page [[Kernel_flavours]] for more information.<br />
<br />
=== X Window System (X11) ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with X.Org 1.20.4.<br />
<br />
=== AMD video drivers ===<br />
* Mageia 7 uses the free video drivers for AMD/ATI graphics cards, AMDGPU for newer cards and Radeon for older graphics cards. The free drivers also use the current Mesa 19.0, provided with Mageia 7. Compared with Mageia 6, hardware support has been increased and performance has been improved.<br />
* The proprietary AMDGPU-PRO driver currently only works with X.org 1.1xx, so it cannot be used in Mageia 7.<br />
* In case of a hybrid card, the solution exposed with the [[#Optimus laptops|nouveau driver]] and the precommand DRI_PRIME=n is also working, at least with the radeon driver.<br />
<br />
=== NVIDIA drivers ===<br />
* The current libre Nouveau drivers are provided. Their performance was greatly improved during Mageia's release cycle, and they might satisfy most owners of Nvidia hardware for casual usage.<br />
* The packages for the latest NVIDIA (long-lived branch, release 418.56 at the time of writing) proprietary drivers are provided in the nonfree media repositories. CUDA 10.1.105 is also included in the same nonfree repositories and can be used out of the box after proprietary drivers are correctly configured.<br />
* For older graphics cards, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers of the 340 and 390 branches are also still provided (390 being supported on x86_64 only).<br />
<br />
==== Optimus laptops ====<br />
Owners of NVIDIA Optimus laptops (integrated Intel graphics processor and discrete NVIDIA GPU) now have three ways to benefit from the power of their discrete GPU:<br />
* The free Nouveau drivers support Prime GPU offloading out of the box, which can be used via the DRI_PRIME=1 environment variable (unless the proprietary NVIDIA driver is in use by, e.g., mageia-prime). Refer to the [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ Nouveau documentation] to see how to configure Xorg to use NVIDIA Prime with DRI3.<br />
* As in Mageia 6, the [[Bumblebee]] package can be used to bridge the monitor to the NVIDIA GPU, allowing to access its processing power albeit with some overhead.<br />
* A new experimental tool named {{Prog|mageia-prime}} can be used to configure the NVIDIA Prime supported by recent Linux kernels and Xorg servers. It allows to fully switch to using the NVIDIA GPU without the overhead of Bumblebee, and is particularly suited for use with CUDA.<br />
<br />
In all three cases, when configuring the graphics drivers, one must only configure the Intel card (at least in most Optimus configurations), as it is typically the only one physically connected to a monitor.<br />
<br />
=== Bootloaders ===<br />
* For UEFI boot, the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ rEFInd boot manager] is now supported as an alternative to GRUB2.<br />
<br />
== Desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
All the desktop environments mentioned below are included in Mageia's online repositories, and can be installed in parallel on any Mageia 7 system. Some of them are also included on the physical media, LiveDVDs and Classical DVDs, as specified in each section.<br />
<br />
=== Plasma ===<br />
<br />
Plasma, the new desktop environment of the KDE community, is provided in version 5.15.<br />
<br />
If you want to try Plasma under Wayland, just install plasma-workspace-wayland, and it should appear in your favorite display manager's list of desktop environments.<br />
<br />
The default display manager (DM) for the Plasma environment is SDDM, and replaces the now obsolete KDM.<br />
<br />
Plasma has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== GNOME ===<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.32 is provided. It now defaults to running on Wayland, but also provides an alternative "GNOME on Xorg" session.<br />
<br />
For those preferring the GNOME 2 look and feel, GNOME 3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.<br />
<br />
GNOME has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXDE ===<br />
<br />
The very lightweight GTK+2-based desktop environment is still available and continues to receive improvements from upstream and our Mageia maintainer, even though its community has partly refocused on LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Xfce ===<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.13 is provided. It uses GTK+3 instead of GTK+2 as with Xfce 4.12. If version 4.14 becomes available in the lifecycle of Mageia 7, it will be updated to 4.14.<br />
<br />
Xfce has dedicated 32-bit and 64-bit LiveDVDs and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXQt ===<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.14.1 is provided.<br />
<br />
LXQt cannot be installed out of the box from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer) due to space constraints on the ISOs.<br />
Online media need to be added to enable more options during the initial installation - this is explained in the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/en/content/add_supplemental_media.html installer documentation].<br />
<br />
=== MATE ===<br />
<br />
MATE 1.22.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
MATE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer). Due to DVD space considerations, some applications such as mate-screenshot (screenshot application) are not included in Classical DVD ISO. For a full MATE Desktop experience, users are suggested to install {{pkg|task-mate}} package after initial installation.<br />
<br />
=== Cinnamon === <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Enlightenment ===<br />
<br />
The Enlightenment task package comes with E22.4 and Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), which includes the previously separate Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders and Evas-generic-players packages. Also included are the connman connection manager for use with the E's Econnman UI, E's Polkit-EFL authentication agent, and three EFL-based applications: the Terminology advanced terminal emulator, the nimble Ephoto image viewer, and the light-weight Rage video player. As with the prior release, Mageia 7 also offers a Mageia-branded theme as the default.<br />
<br />
As always, E does not automatically include the startup applications from /etc/xdg/autostart. After installation, go to Main menu > Settings > Startup Applications and add needed system processes (e.g., a policy kit authentication agent) and desired applications to be started on boot up. If your installation includes the ICE windows manager, you may choose between the MATE authentication agent that comes with it and Polkit-EFL.<br />
<br />
Beginning with E20, Enlightenment's system tray converted from Xembed notifications with SNI appindicator notifications, which is not yet supported by all applications (e.g., Parcellite clipboard manager), while others use plugins (e.g, Pidgin, which has an Ubuntu indicator plugin in the Mageia package to enable systray notifications). <br />
<br />
As of the Beta releases there are three known issues. First, for systems with optical drives, the Enlightenment File Manager (EFM) does not mount them even though disks with and without data can be seen with other file managers. Second, Mageia enables systemd-networkd to manage networking by default. Those who prefer to use connman with the Econnman interface will find it is not always functional (after disabling systemd-networkd and enabling connman), probably as a result of the default wpa_supplicant configuration. (There is a separate, recently-developed wireless gadget for managing multiple backends that is not yet included in the Mageia repositories.) Third, the E17 themes still in the repository do not work with E22. Updated Mageia-branded themes may be packaged in the near future. Additional themes may also be found at https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/.<br />
<br />
=== Light window managers ===<br />
<br />
You can also keep your Mageia 7 installation very light and we provide for this a plethora of small and efficient window managers. You can find afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, and windowmaker. After installation, they appear in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
==== IceWM ====<br />
<br />
You will find now both "icewm" and "icewm-session" in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
Beginning with IceWM 1.2.13, there is a new binary named "icewm-session". This binary helps you to handle all IceWM subparts (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup, and shutdown, started in this order). '''Therefore, you should use icewm-session to start a complete IceWM session'''. Choosing "Icewm" will only start the window manager itself.<br />
<br />
== Office apps ==<br />
<br />
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.2. See [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.2 official release notes] for details.<br />
<br />
== Multimedia apps ==<br />
<br />
Since the last patent expired in April, 2017, mp3 encoding is now available in the core media. Tainted media are still needed for H.264, H.265/HEVC and AAC encoding.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
<br />
* Vim has been updated to 8.1<br />
* NeoVim 0.3.1 is also included<br />
<br />
== Games ==<br />
<br />
In the Mageia community, our love for free software extends to open source games. A huge effort has been made during the Mageia 7 release cycle to package many new games, making Mageia 7 a very good platform for intensive and casual gamers alike. You can check Mageia App DB to see a list of [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/6/withrelease/7/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 all the new and updated games in Mageia 7]. The following section will only give some cherry-picked examples for each game category.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 comes with both old and new versions of [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. The old is based on the GTK+ toolkit and has more activities. The new uses Qt and brings some new activities. We were [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris] among the donors in February, 2015, to improve the graphical interface of this very important project.<br />
<br />
== Software Development ==<br />
<br />
=== Compilers and tools ===<br />
<br />
GCC has been updated to 8.2.1, GDB to 8.2 and Valgrind to 3.14.0.<br />
LLVM has been updated to 7.0.0.<br />
<br />
libvirt 4.8 and virt-manager 2.0<br />
<br />
Firebird has been updated to 3.0.3<br />
<br />
IPython has been updated to 6.3.<br />
<br />
Most libraries were updated to recent stable versions (long-term support when available), such as Qt 5.11.2 and GTK+ 3.22.30.<br />
Tcl/Tk is at version 8.6.8.<br />
<br />
=== Language stacks ===<br />
<br />
Python 3 has been updated to 3.6.6, Python 2 to 2.7.15, and when possible, all Python modules are provided for Python 2 and Python 3.<br />
<br />
Perl has been updated to 5.28.0.<br />
Perl modules are now installed either in /usr/share/per5 (pure perl modules) or /usr/lib(64)/perl5 (binary modules), like Fedora does. Perl version is no more included in the standard path.<br />
<br />
Some important effort has been made to simplify the Java stack which was hard to maintain in Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
Ruby has been updated to 2.5.3.<br />
<br />
Rust is at version 1.30.0. It will be updated during Mageia 7's support life to follow new developments.<br />
<br />
PHP has been updated from 5.6 to 7.3, which gives a performance improvement of about 50%.<br />
<br />
== Miscellaneous ==<br />
<br />
= Upgrading from Mageia 6 =<br />
<br />
{{note|Please also read the [[Mageia_7_Errata#Upgrade_issues|known issues page]], chapter "Upgrade Issues" and the page "[[From Mageia 6 to 7]]" to avoid Upgrade issues.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrading from Mageia 6 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But, as always, it is very advisable to '''back up any important data before upgrading''' and make sure you have '''made all updates''' of Mageia 6 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading directly from Mageia 5 or another distribution is not supported.<br />
<br />
If you want to upgrade a 64-bit system, it may contain 32-bit software. This is not a problem provided '''it does not''' include development libraries. You can identify these by the word "devel" in the name. To know if your system houses such libraries you can use the command:<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}} <br />
You must un-install these libraries before upgrading.<br />
<br />
If '''3rd party repositories''', such as Google, have been added during the use of Mageia 6, be sure to make a backup/copy of /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to upgrade from Mageia 6:<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Warning: Upgrading an existing install using any of the Live images is '''NOT''' supported due to the Live image being copied "as is" to the target system. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which was '''NOT''' in UEFI, towards an UEFI-mode Mageia 7, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
== Upgrading via the Internet ==<br />
<br />
The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, '''will notify you''' that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.<br/><br />
<br />
If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) or the CLI ({{cmd|urpmi}}). Both methods are outlined below.<br />
<br />
Fully update your system and check you have enough free space (at least 2 GB, depending on your configuration) before starting the upgrade.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Use a wired internet connection if possible, especially when you're using nonfree wlan drivers}}<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI) ===<br />
<br />
If Mageia Online does not display a blue icon in the system tray offering you the option to upgrade to the new Mageia release:<br />
<br />
1. Make sure that your system is fully up-to-date by applying all available updates.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. In Mageia Control Center - Software Management - Configure Updates Frequency, make sure that the option "Check for newer default releases" is selected.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Look in your home folder for a hidden directory, /.MgaOnline. If there is a <br />
file mgaonline in that directory, then delete that file.<br />
<br />
After a reboot, the blue upgrade icon should appear when Mageia Online next checks for updates. <br />
<br />
If Mageia 6 has reached EOL, you will see an orange icon and a pop-up warning that Mageia 6 is no longer supported. <br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can launch the upgrade process by entering in a terminal:<br />
<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:<span style="font-family: courier; color: #7a4707; background-color: #e8e8e8;">mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=7</span><br />
<br />
It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 7 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start the migration.<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI) ===<br />
<br />
This method is useful when the root partition is encrypted as the booted system is already decrypting the partition.<br />
<br />
There are multiple ways of getting a Command Line Interface (CLI).<br />
<br />
The best method for performing an upgrade is to use run-level 3 so that the X server and graphical environment is not running.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the upgrade should be cleaner using run-level 3 than using a terminal application as fewer programs are running which could potentially mess up the upgrade.<br />
<br />
Run-level 3 can be enabled by appending "3" to the kernel command line in grub's menu.lst file and then rebooting the system to get a login prompt.<br />
<br />
It is recommended to run "script upgrade_log.txt" to capture the upgrade messages just in case a failure occurs. Use "exit" to quit out of "script".<br />
<br />
Here are the general upgrade steps:<br />
<br />
* Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}}<br />
* Add the Mageia 7 online sources, either:<br />
** Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.7.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi knows what to substitute for $ARCH)<br />
** Using a specific media mirror:<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*:You can get the mirror_url using the [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib Mageia mirrors web application].<br />
* Finally start upgrading: <br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto}}<br />
* It's best to run the above command twice because in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It is sometimes a good idea to test the upgrade before carrying it on. <br><br />
With this command: {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all --test}} all the packages are downloaded and the upgrade simulated only. <br><br />
If the result is good, then upgrade for real with the command {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all}} }}<br />
<br />
== Using the traditional Mageia 7 DVD to Upgrade ==<br />
<br />
You can use the traditional (so, non-Live) Mageia 7 DVD to do clean installs, but also to upgrade from Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
To upgrade:<br />
<br />
* Download the ISO from the Mageia [http://mageia.org/7/ download page] and burn it on a DVD, or dump it on a USB stick. For more details, have a look at this [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Installation_Media Available installation media article].<br />
* Boot the DVD and make sure it booted in the same mode (legacy/BIOS or UEFI) as Mageia 6 was installed in.<br />
* Select "Install Mageia 7" from the GRUB (the bootloader) menu.<br />
* Select the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/selectInstallClass.html upgrade] option.<br />
<br />
'''It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories.'''<br />
This is especially important if you use important 32-bit packages in an otherwise 64-bit install, because the 64-bit ISO will only contain the 64-bit packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.<br />
<br />
Moreover, it is possible that a particular Mageia 6 installation may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, an upgrade may fail to complete. At the time the ISOs are tested, it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 6 packages may be updated in the future, so offline upgrades (i.e., upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported. <br />
<br />
On the first reboot, use the command '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' to make [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 sure] all packages were updated.<br />
<br />
= Known issues =<br />
<br />
See the [[Mageia_7_Errata|Errata page]].<br />
<br />
== Obsoleted packages ==<br />
<br />
get-skype is now obsolete, as the classic Skype versions for Linux ceased to be supported by Skype on 1 July 2017.<br />
There is a new web-based Skype version which may be installed directly from the Skype web site by selecting the rpm version<br />
[https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ here]. Note that only 64-bit systems are supported.<br />
<br />
cvsps version 2, which was last updated over ten years ago, is now obsolete. It was used by git-cvsimport from the git-cvs<br />
package. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository, consider using cvs-fast-export.<br />
<br />
== Bug reporting ==<br />
<br />
We have a [https://bugs.mageia.org/ bug tracker], but please read the [[Mageia_7_Errata| Errata]] before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see [[Bugzilla#How-to_report_a_bug| how to report a bug]].<br />
<br />
== Device names changed for MMC devices ==<br />
<br />
By default, Mageia uses UUIDs for block-devices. It is possible that you deviated from the default and manually changed /etc/fstab to use device names for MMC block-devices. If so, you will have to change this from /dev/mmcblk0 to /dev/mmcblk1. This has changed in Linux kernel 4.14.<br />
<br />
== GNOME on Wayland and su - ==<br />
<br />
Some drak commands previously invoked from a "su -" root terminal no longer presents a user GUI interface, rather a ncurses interface.<br />
if this occurs, exit the ncurses interface, exit the root terminal and re-invoke as normal user terminal the drak command.<br />
a password popup will occur requesting root password and after correct password is entered, the expected GUI interface is presented.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mageia_development]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 7]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Archive:_Mageia_7_Release_Notes&diff=43847Archive: Mageia 7 Release Notes2019-04-17T13:25:18Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Desktop environments */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- '''This information is available in other languages''':<br /><br />
* [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]]<br />
<br />
disable this so it's not in release note of isos medias--><br />
{{multi language banner|[[Mageia 7 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_7|Español]] ; [[Mageia_7_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] }} <br />
<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Mageia is a Free Software operating system of the GNU/Linux family, which can be installed on computers either as the main operating system, or as an alternative system to one or several pre-installed systems (''dual boot''). It is a community project supported by the non-profit Mageia.Org organization of elected contributors. Mageia is developed ''by'' and ''for'' its community of users, and is suitable for all kinds of users, from first-time GNU/Linux users to advanced developers or system administrators.<br />
<br />
The latest stable release of the Mageia project, Mageia 7 was developed for over one year before. It will be supported with security and bug fix updates for 18 months, up to XX XXXXXry 2020.<br />
<br />
== Available installation media ==<br />
<br />
Mageia has two distinct installation media types:<br />
<br />
* '''Classical ISOs''' (DVD 32-bit, DVD 64-bit), which use the [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/index.html DrakX traditional installer]. The 32-bit and 64-bit DVD ISOs contain all supported locales, a great variety of packages to choose from (including most supported desktop environments) and '''all non-free drivers'''. The use of non-free packages can be disabled during the installation.<br />
* '''Live ISOs''', which can be used to preview the distribution, are an installation alternative to place Mageia on your hard drive. Live media come with either the Plasma (64-bit), GNOME (64-bit) or Xfce (32 or 64-bit) desktop environments. The Live DVDs contain all supported locales and a preselection of software, making them a quicker way to get started working with Mageia. Note that we added a ''persistence'' feature which allows creation of a partition on a USB stick to store customization of the system which survives after a reboot.<br />
<br />
All ISO images can be burned to a DVD or [[Installation_Media#Dump_Mageia_ISO_on_a_USB_flash_drive|dumped on a USB flash drive]]. Please note the file and device size limits as, for example, a 4 GB ISO image can be too big for some "nominally" 4 GB USB drives, due to their actual capacity being slightly lower than the marketed size.<br />
<br />
For more information, please have a look at our [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html installation media] manual page.<br />
<br />
You will find the different download options on the [https://www.mageia.org/7/ Mageia 7 download page]: direct (FTP and HTTP) and BitTorrent downloads are available.<br />
<br />
== The Mageia online repositories ==<br />
<br />
The software packages that are included in Mageia sit in three different repositories/media, depending on the type of license applied to each package. Here's an overview of those repositories:<br />
<br />
* '''Core''': The Core repository includes packages with free-and-open-source software, i.e., packages licensed under a free-and-open-source license. The set of the "Core" media along with "Core Release" and "Core Updates" are enabled by default.<br />
* '''Nonfree''': The Nonfree repository includes packages that are free-of-charge and free to redistribute, but that contain closed-source software (hence the name - Nonfree). For example, this repository includes NVIDIA and AMD/ATI proprietary graphics card drivers, firmware for various WiFi cards, etc.<br /><br />
The Nonfree media set is enabled by default but can be disabled, if necessary, during the installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''': The Tainted repository includes packages released under a free license. The main criterion for placing packages in this repository is that they may infringe on patents and copyright laws in some countries, e.g., multimedia codecs needed to play various audio/video files; packages needed to play a commercial video DVD, etc.<br /><br />
The Tainted media set is added by default but '''not''' enabled by default, i.e., it's completely opt-in; so, check your local laws before using packages from this repository.<br />
<br />
Please also note that on a 64-bit system, the 32-bit repositories are also added. If the Nonfree or Tainted 64-bit repositories are enabled, the corresponding 32-bit repositories should also be enabled (both in Release and Updates flavors), as they are needed by some packages, such as PlayOnLinux or Steam.<br />
<br />
= Release highlights =<br />
<br />
== ARM support ==<br />
<br />
The ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine) port rebooted during Mageia 6 days has been enhanced.<br />
The core is available for ARMv7 and aarch64.<br />
Support for ARMv5 has been dropped.<br />
<br />
There is no traditional installer for now, and it is still considered experimental, but most of the distribution was built successfully on both architectures (see our [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html ARM status overview] for details). The plan is to provide installation images for popular ARM devices in the coming months. There is no ETA for those as of Mageia 7's release.<br />
<br />
= Major developments =<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
=== Stage 1 ===<br />
<br />
* Hardware support was extended to be able to start the installer on very recent computers<br />
* NFS support is done using system tools rather than our 15 years old forked NFS code, thus gaining support for NFSv4 & co...<br />
* Can install from a hard disk formatted in any supported fs rather than just btrfs, ext[2-4], ISO9660, JFS, ntfs, reiserfs, vfat & XFS<br />
* Added support for automatic installation off hard disk, either from ISO or from a distrib tree. Eg:<br />
:: <code>automatic=method:disk,disk:vdb,partition:vdb1,dir:/Mageia/Mga6.iso</code><br />
<br />
=== Stage 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Lots of bug fixes and improvements in the partitioner<br />
<br />
=== Hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* New architectures:<br />
** ARM v5 support has been dropped<br />
** ARM v7 support has been enhanced.<br />
** Aarch64 support is added.<br />
<br />
== Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ==<br />
<br />
=== Manuals ===<br />
<br />
* The manuals for the traditional installer and for the Mageia Control Center have been (partially) translated into many more languages. See [http://www.mageia.org/doc/ our official documentation]<br />
* An English screenshot is used when a localized screenshot is unavailable for an HTML manual.<br />
* PDF and EPUB manuals are created only when more than half of the needed localized screenshots for those manuals are available.<br />
<br />
=== Software translations ===<br />
<br />
New translations have been added, while others were improved.<br />
Thank you to our dedicated community of translators for your reliable work.<br />
<br />
== Package management ==<br />
<br />
=== New RPM ===<br />
<br />
RPM has been upgraded to version 4.14.2.1.<br />
<br />
RPM 4.14 offers key improvements to RPM as a whole, including:<br />
<br />
* Major revamp of debuginfo packages<br />
* Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to utilize a single codepath<br />
* New SHA256 digests in packages: one for compressed payload alone and one for the header<br />
* Weak dependencies are taken into account when ordering<br />
* Support for a configurable mode to conserve SSD disks<br />
* Support for zstd compression<br />
<br />
More information on changes from RPM 4.13 (which shipped with Mageia 6) to RPM 4.14.2.1 is available from the RPM website:<br />
* RPM 4.14: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.0<br />
* RPM 4.14.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.1<br />
* RPM 4.14.2: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2<br />
* RPM 4.14.2.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2.1<br />
<br />
=== DNF: the alternative package manager ===<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) was introduced as an alternative to urpmi since Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF is a next-generation dependency resolver and high-level package management tool that traces its ancestry to two projects: Fedora's YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and openSUSE's SAT Solver (libsolv). DNF was forked from YUM several years ago in order to rewrite it to use the SAT Solver library from openSUSE and to massively restructure the codebase so that a sane API would be available for both extending DNF (via plugins and hooks) and building applications on top of it (such as graphical frontends and system lifecycle automation frameworks).<br />
<br />
DNF comes with enhanced problem reporting, advanced tracking of weak dependencies, support for rich dependencies (see the RPM release notes for more on this), and more detailed transaction information while performing actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with DNF v4.2.2. This version improves DNF over version 2.x in Mageia 6 by rewriting most of the logic from Python to C++ and moving it to the libdnf library for performance. It also introduces support for modules, though Mageia is not currently publishing any modules in its repositories.<br />
<br />
More information on modularity: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
DNF release notes: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
With fresh installations via the classical and live media, DNF will be installed in parallel with urpmi. Depending on the method used to upgrade to Mageia 7, it may be necessary to install the {{Prog|dnf}} package to have it available.<br />
<br />
For information on how to use DNF, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using DNF]].<br />
<br />
=== AppStream ===<br />
<br />
Our RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) repositories (used by DNF and PackageKit) provide AppStream metadata. Tools like GNOME Software (GNOME Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|gnome-software}}) and Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|discover}}) leverage AppStream metadata to provide a rich experience when searching, identifying, and managing applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream is a cross-distribution effort for enhancing software repositories by standardizing software component metadata. It enables an application-centric view on package repositories and provides specifications for things needed to create user-friendly application centers.<br />
<br />
See the AppStream website for more information: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
=== perl-URPM and urpmi ===<br />
<br />
* Doc has been enhanced<br />
* urpmi/perl-URPM support a wider range of rpm versions, from rpm-4.11 to latest 4.14<br />
* Various bug fixes have been made.<br />
<br />
== Tools ==<br />
<br />
=== Mageia Control Center ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
<br />
==== MageiaWelcome ====<br />
The 'Welcome' screen is an application that is presented to users when booting into a fresh installation of Mageia. It has now been entirely reworked to have a linear approach, with successive steps following in a logical order of important things to know and do post-installation. By default, it will run at each subsequent boot, but this behaviour is optional. Even if the auto-run option is disabled - it can be invoked at any time as an application (mageiawelcome).<br />
<br />
Under the hood, it uses Python and QML. It is now resizeable and will use the fonts of the desktop environment.<br />
<br />
==== Isodumper ====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks|Isodumper]] is a tool to write ISO images on memory devices. It now uses an improved checking routine after writing operations by looking for a sha512 sum file and corresponding signature. If the sum is found, the application compares the computed sum to the stored one, and additionally indicates if the sum is signed. Another modification is that the application no longer runs with root privileges, but as a user's application - root privileges are requested only when needed (for writing or formatting operations). This should improve the security level. <br><br><br />
We also added a feature in relation to Live images: By ticking a check-box, any remaining space on the device can be designated as a ''persistence'' partition. See [[Installation_Media#Persistence_with_memory_devices|here]] for more information.<br />
<br />
==== Docker ====<br />
<br />
The Docker ecosystem has been augmented (based on the 18.06 version of the engine) with many additional tools such as docker-compose (orchestration with v3 support), containerd (daemon controlling runC), docker-registry (share of images), docker-machine (install docker on a remote system), and python-docker (python 2 and 3 libraries for engine API management).<br />
<br />
==== LiveCD Tools ====<br />
<br />
With Mageia 7, the LiveCD Tools have been rebased to the latest version (v27.0).<br />
<br />
For information on how to use the LiveCD Tools, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using the LiveCD Tools]]<br />
<br />
==== draklive2 ====<br />
<br />
The tool used to build the distribution Live ISOs has been revised to make it easier to use. Several examples are provided to help users build their own customised variants of the Live ISOs. There is now a GUI mode, based on the Mageia classical installer, to support package and locale selection.<br />
<br />
For more information, please refer to the wiki page: [[draklive2]]<br />
<br />
== Base system ==<br />
<br />
=== Kernel and hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* Mageia 7 ships with kernel 5.0.<br />
All hardware managed by this kernel version is enabled. The kernel provides better graphics with Mesa 19.0. <br />
* Other kernel flavors are included, particularly, kernel-tmb and kernel-linus (a vanilla stock kernel without any extra patchset). See the wiki page [[Kernel_flavours]] for more information.<br />
<br />
=== X Window System (X11) ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with X.Org 1.20.4.<br />
<br />
=== AMD video drivers ===<br />
* Mageia 7 uses the free video drivers for AMD/ATI graphics cards, AMDGPU for newer cards and Radeon for older graphics cards. The free drivers also use the current Mesa 19.0, provided with Mageia 7. Compared with Mageia 6, hardware support has been increased and performance has been improved.<br />
* The proprietary AMDGPU-PRO driver currently only works with X.org 1.1xx, so it cannot be used in Mageia 7.<br />
* In case of a hybrid card, the solution exposed with the [[#Optimus laptops|nouveau driver]] and the precommand DRI_PRIME=n is also working, at least with the radeon driver.<br />
<br />
=== NVIDIA drivers ===<br />
* The current libre Nouveau drivers are provided. Their performance was greatly improved during Mageia's release cycle, and they might satisfy most owners of Nvidia hardware for casual usage.<br />
* The packages for the latest NVIDIA (long-lived branch, release 418.56 at the time of writing) proprietary drivers are provided in the nonfree media repositories. CUDA 10.1.105 is also included in the same nonfree repositories and can be used out of the box after proprietary drivers are correctly configured.<br />
* For older graphics cards, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers of the 340 and 390 branches are also still provided (390 being supported on x86_64 only).<br />
<br />
==== Optimus laptops ====<br />
Owners of NVIDIA Optimus laptops (integrated Intel graphics processor and discrete NVIDIA GPU) now have three ways to benefit from the power of their discrete GPU:<br />
* The free Nouveau drivers support Prime GPU offloading out of the box, which can be used via the DRI_PRIME=1 environment variable (unless the proprietary NVIDIA driver is in use by, e.g., mageia-prime). Refer to the [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ Nouveau documentation] to see how to configure Xorg to use NVIDIA Prime with DRI3.<br />
* As in Mageia 6, the [[Bumblebee]] package can be used to bridge the monitor to the NVIDIA GPU, allowing to access its processing power albeit with some overhead.<br />
* A new experimental tool named {{Prog|mageia-prime}} can be used to configure the NVIDIA Prime supported by recent Linux kernels and Xorg servers. It allows to fully switch to using the NVIDIA GPU without the overhead of Bumblebee, and is particularly suited for use with CUDA.<br />
<br />
In all three cases, when configuring the graphics drivers, one must only configure the Intel card (at least in most Optimus configurations), as it is typically the only one physically connected to a monitor.<br />
<br />
=== Bootloaders ===<br />
* For UEFI boot, the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ rEFInd boot manager] is now supported as an alternative to GRUB2.<br />
<br />
== Desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
All the desktop environments mentioned below are included in Mageia's online repositories, and can be installed in parallel on any Mageia 7 system. Some of them are also included on the physical media, LiveDVDs and Classical DVDs, as specified in each section.<br />
<br />
=== Plasma ===<br />
<br />
Plasma, the new desktop environment of the KDE community, is provided in version 5.15.<br />
<br />
If you want to try Plasma under Wayland, just install plasma-workspace-wayland, and it should appear in your favorite display manager's list of desktop environments.<br />
<br />
The default display manager (DM) for the Plasma environment is SDDM, and replaces the now obsolete KDM.<br />
<br />
Plasma has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== GNOME ===<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.32 is provided. It now defaults to running on Wayland, but also provides an alternative "GNOME on Xorg" session.<br />
<br />
For those preferring the GNOME 2 look and feel, GNOME 3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.<br />
<br />
GNOME has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXDE ===<br />
<br />
The very lightweight GTK+2-based desktop environment is still available and continues to receive improvements from upstream and our Mageia maintainer, even though its community has partly refocused on LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Xfce ===<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.13 is provided. It uses GTK+3 instead of GTK+2 as with Xfce 4.12. If version 4.14 becomes available in the lifecycle of Mageia 7, it will be updated to 4.14.<br />
<br />
Xfce has dedicated 32-bit and 64-bit LiveDVDs and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXQt ===<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.14.1 is provided.<br />
<br />
LXQt cannot be installed out of the box from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer) due to space constraints on the ISOs.<br />
Online media need to be added to enable more options during the initial installation - this is explained in the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/en/content/add_supplemental_media.html installer documentation].<br />
<br />
=== MATE ===<br />
<br />
MATE 1.22.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
MATE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer). Due to DVD space considerations, some applications such as mate-screenshot (screenshot application) are not included in Classical DVD ISO. For a full MATE Desktop experience, users are suggested to install {{pkg|task-mate}} package after initial installation.<br />
<br />
=== Cinnamon === <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Enlightenment ===<br />
<br />
The Enlightenment task package comes with E22.4 and Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), which includes the previously separate Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders and Evas-generic-players packages. Also included are the connman connection manager for use with the E's Econnman UI, E's Polkit-EFL authentication agent, and three EFL-based applications: the Terminology advanced terminal emulator, the nimble Ephoto image viewer, and the light-weight Rage video player. As with the prior release, Mageia 7 also offers a Mageia-branded theme as the default.<br />
<br />
As always, E does not automatically include the startup applications from /etc/xdg/autostart. After installation, go to Main menu > Settings > Startup Applications and add needed system processes (e.g., a policy kit authentication agent) and desired applications to be started on boot up. If your installation includes the ICE windows manager, you may choose between the MATE authentication agent that comes with it and Polkit-EFL.<br />
<br />
Beginning with E20, Enlightenment's system tray converted from Xembed notifications with SNI appindicator notifications, which is not yet supported by all applications (e.g., Parcellite clipboard manager), while others use plugins (e.g, Pidgin, which has an Ubuntu indicator plugin in the Mageia package to enable systray notifications). <br />
<br />
As of the Beta releases there are three known issues. First, for systems with optical drives, the Enlightenment File Manager (EFM) does not mount them even though disks with and without data can be seen with other file managers. Second, Mageia enables systemd-networkd to manage networking by default. Those who prefer to use connman with the Econnman interface will find it is not always functional (after disabling systemd-networkd and enabling connman), probably as a result of the default wpa_supplicant configuration. (There is a separate, recently-developed wireless gadget for managing multiple backends that is not yet included in the Mageia repositories.) Third, the E17 themes still in the repository do not work with E22. Updated Mageia-branded themes may be packaged in the near future. Additional themes may also be found at https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/.<br />
<br />
=== Light window managers ===<br />
<br />
You can also keep your Mageia 7 installation very light and we provide for this a plethora of small and efficient window managers. You can find afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, and windowmaker. After installation, they appear in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
==== IceWM ====<br />
<br />
You will find now both "icewm" and "icewm-session" in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
Beginning with IceWM 1.2.13, there is a new binary named "icewm-session". This binary helps you to handle all IceWM subparts (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup, and shutdown, started in this order). '''Therefore, you should use icewm-session to start a complete IceWM session'''. Choosing "Icewm" will only start the window manager itself.<br />
<br />
== Office apps ==<br />
<br />
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.1. See [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.1 official release notes] for details.<br />
<br />
== Multimedia apps ==<br />
<br />
Since the last patent expired in April, 2017, mp3 encoding is now available in the core media. Tainted media are still needed for H.264, H.265/HEVC and AAC encoding.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
<br />
* Vim has been updated to 8.1<br />
* NeoVim 0.3.1 is also included<br />
<br />
== Games ==<br />
<br />
In the Mageia community, our love for free software extends to open source games. A huge effort has been made during the Mageia 7 release cycle to package many new games, making Mageia 7 a very good platform for intensive and casual gamers alike. You can check Mageia App DB to see a list of [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/6/withrelease/7/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 all the new and updated games in Mageia 7]. The following section will only give some cherry-picked examples for each game category.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 comes with both old and new versions of [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. The old is based on the GTK+ toolkit and has more activities. The new uses Qt and brings some new activities. We were [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris] among the donors in February, 2015, to improve the graphical interface of this very important project.<br />
<br />
== Software Development ==<br />
<br />
=== Compilers and tools ===<br />
<br />
GCC has been updated to 8.2.1, GDB to 8.2 and Valgrind to 3.14.0.<br />
LLVM has been updated to 7.0.0.<br />
<br />
libvirt 4.8 and virt-manager 2.0<br />
<br />
Firebird has been updated to 3.0.3<br />
<br />
IPython has been updated to 6.3.<br />
<br />
Most libraries were updated to recent stable versions (long-term support when available), such as Qt 5.11.2 and GTK+ 3.22.30.<br />
Tcl/Tk is at version 8.6.8.<br />
<br />
=== Language stacks ===<br />
<br />
Python 3 has been updated to 3.6.6, Python 2 to 2.7.15, and when possible, all Python modules are provided for Python 2 and Python 3.<br />
<br />
Perl has been updated to 5.28.0.<br />
Perl modules are now installed either in /usr/share/per5 (pure perl modules) or /usr/lib(64)/perl5 (binary modules), like Fedora does. Perl version is no more included in the standard path.<br />
<br />
Some important effort has been made to simplify the Java stack which was hard to maintain in Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
Ruby has been updated to 2.5.3.<br />
<br />
Rust is at version 1.30.0. It will be updated during Mageia 7's support life to follow new developments.<br />
<br />
PHP has been updated from 5.6 to 7.3, which gives a performance improvement of about 50%.<br />
<br />
== Miscellaneous ==<br />
<br />
= Upgrading from Mageia 6 =<br />
<br />
{{note|Please also read the [[Mageia_7_Errata#Upgrade_issues|known issues page]], chapter "Upgrade Issues" and the page "[[From Mageia 6 to 7]]" to avoid Upgrade issues.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrading from Mageia 6 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But, as always, it is very advisable to '''back up any important data before upgrading''' and make sure you have '''made all updates''' of Mageia 6 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading directly from Mageia 5 or another distribution is not supported.<br />
<br />
If you want to upgrade a 64-bit system, it may contain 32-bit software. This is not a problem provided '''it does not''' include development libraries. You can identify these by the word "devel" in the name. To know if your system houses such libraries you can use the command:<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}} <br />
You must un-install these libraries before upgrading.<br />
<br />
If '''3rd party repositories''', such as Google, have been added during the use of Mageia 6, be sure to make a backup/copy of /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to upgrade from Mageia 6:<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Warning: Upgrading an existing install using any of the Live images is '''NOT''' supported due to the Live image being copied "as is" to the target system. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which was '''NOT''' in UEFI, towards an UEFI-mode Mageia 7, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
== Upgrading via the Internet ==<br />
<br />
The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, '''will notify you''' that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.<br/><br />
<br />
If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) or the CLI ({{cmd|urpmi}}). Both methods are outlined below.<br />
<br />
Fully update your system and check you have enough free space (at least 2 GB, depending on your configuration) before starting the upgrade.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Use a wired internet connection if possible, especially when you're using nonfree wlan drivers}}<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI) ===<br />
<br />
If Mageia Online does not display a blue icon in the system tray offering you the option to upgrade to the new Mageia release:<br />
<br />
1. Make sure that your system is fully up-to-date by applying all available updates.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. In Mageia Control Center - Software Management - Configure Updates Frequency, make sure that the option "Check for newer default releases" is selected.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Look in your home folder for a hidden directory, /.MgaOnline. If there is a <br />
file mgaonline in that directory, then delete that file.<br />
<br />
After a reboot, the blue upgrade icon should appear when Mageia Online next checks for updates. <br />
<br />
If Mageia 6 has reached EOL, you will see an orange icon and a pop-up warning that Mageia 6 is no longer supported. <br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can launch the upgrade process by entering in a terminal:<br />
<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:<span style="font-family: courier; color: #7a4707; background-color: #e8e8e8;">mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=7</span><br />
<br />
It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 7 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start the migration.<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI) ===<br />
<br />
This method is useful when the root partition is encrypted as the booted system is already decrypting the partition.<br />
<br />
There are multiple ways of getting a Command Line Interface (CLI).<br />
<br />
The best method for performing an upgrade is to use run-level 3 so that the X server and graphical environment is not running.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the upgrade should be cleaner using run-level 3 than using a terminal application as fewer programs are running which could potentially mess up the upgrade.<br />
<br />
Run-level 3 can be enabled by appending "3" to the kernel command line in grub's menu.lst file and then rebooting the system to get a login prompt.<br />
<br />
It is recommended to run "script upgrade_log.txt" to capture the upgrade messages just in case a failure occurs. Use "exit" to quit out of "script".<br />
<br />
Here are the general upgrade steps:<br />
<br />
* Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}}<br />
* Add the Mageia 7 online sources, either:<br />
** Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.7.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi knows what to substitute for $ARCH)<br />
** Using a specific media mirror:<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*:You can get the mirror_url using the [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib Mageia mirrors web application].<br />
* Finally start upgrading: <br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto}}<br />
* It's best to run the above command twice because in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It is sometimes a good idea to test the upgrade before carrying it on. <br><br />
With this command: {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all --test}} all the packages are downloaded and the upgrade simulated only. <br><br />
If the result is good, then upgrade for real with the command {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all}} }}<br />
<br />
== Using the traditional Mageia 7 DVD to Upgrade ==<br />
<br />
You can use the traditional (so, non-Live) Mageia 7 DVD to do clean installs, but also to upgrade from Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
To upgrade:<br />
<br />
* Download the ISO from the Mageia [http://mageia.org/7/ download page] and burn it on a DVD, or dump it on a USB stick. For more details, have a look at this [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Installation_Media Available installation media article].<br />
* Boot the DVD and make sure it booted in the same mode (legacy/BIOS or UEFI) as Mageia 6 was installed in.<br />
* Select "Install Mageia 7" from the GRUB (the bootloader) menu.<br />
* Select the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/selectInstallClass.html upgrade] option.<br />
<br />
'''It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories.'''<br />
This is especially important if you use important 32-bit packages in an otherwise 64-bit install, because the 64-bit ISO will only contain the 64-bit packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.<br />
<br />
Moreover, it is possible that a particular Mageia 6 installation may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, an upgrade may fail to complete. At the time the ISOs are tested, it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 6 packages may be updated in the future, so offline upgrades (i.e., upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported. <br />
<br />
On the first reboot, use the command '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' to make [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 sure] all packages were updated.<br />
<br />
= Known issues =<br />
<br />
See the [[Mageia_7_Errata|Errata page]].<br />
<br />
== Obsoleted packages ==<br />
<br />
get-skype is now obsolete, as the classic Skype versions for Linux ceased to be supported by Skype on 1 July 2017.<br />
There is a new web-based Skype version which may be installed directly from the Skype web site by selecting the rpm version<br />
[https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ here]. Note that only 64-bit systems are supported.<br />
<br />
cvsps version 2, which was last updated over ten years ago, is now obsolete. It was used by git-cvsimport from the git-cvs<br />
package. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository, consider using cvs-fast-export.<br />
<br />
== Bug reporting ==<br />
<br />
We have a [https://bugs.mageia.org/ bug tracker], but please read the [[Mageia_7_Errata| Errata]] before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see [[Bugzilla#How-to_report_a_bug| how to report a bug]].<br />
<br />
== Device names changed for MMC devices ==<br />
<br />
By default, Mageia uses UUIDs for block-devices. It is possible that you deviated from the default and manually changed /etc/fstab to use device names for MMC block-devices. If so, you will have to change this from /dev/mmcblk0 to /dev/mmcblk1. This has changed in Linux kernel 4.14.<br />
<br />
== GNOME on Wayland and su - ==<br />
<br />
Some drak commands previously invoked from a "su -" root terminal no longer presents a user GUI interface, rather a ncurses interface.<br />
if this occurs, exit the ncurses interface, exit the root terminal and re-invoke as normal user terminal the drak command.<br />
a password popup will occur requesting root password and after correct password is entered, the expected GUI interface is presented.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mageia_development]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 7]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=Archive:_Mageia_7_Release_Notes&diff=43846Archive: Mageia 7 Release Notes2019-04-17T13:19:31Z<p>Lpsolit: /* Base system */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- '''This information is available in other languages''':<br /><br />
* [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]]<br />
<br />
disable this so it's not in release note of isos medias--><br />
{{multi language banner|[[Mageia 7 Veröffentlichungshinweise-de|Deutsch]] ; [[Mageia 7 Release Notes|English]] ; [[Notas_sobre_Mageia_7|Español]] ; [[Mageia_7_Notes_de_version-fr|Français]] }} <br />
<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Mageia is a Free Software operating system of the GNU/Linux family, which can be installed on computers either as the main operating system, or as an alternative system to one or several pre-installed systems (''dual boot''). It is a community project supported by the non-profit Mageia.Org organization of elected contributors. Mageia is developed ''by'' and ''for'' its community of users, and is suitable for all kinds of users, from first-time GNU/Linux users to advanced developers or system administrators.<br />
<br />
The latest stable release of the Mageia project, Mageia 7 was developed for over one year before. It will be supported with security and bug fix updates for 18 months, up to XX XXXXXry 2020.<br />
<br />
== Available installation media ==<br />
<br />
Mageia has two distinct installation media types:<br />
<br />
* '''Classical ISOs''' (DVD 32-bit, DVD 64-bit), which use the [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/index.html DrakX traditional installer]. The 32-bit and 64-bit DVD ISOs contain all supported locales, a great variety of packages to choose from (including most supported desktop environments) and '''all non-free drivers'''. The use of non-free packages can be disabled during the installation.<br />
* '''Live ISOs''', which can be used to preview the distribution, are an installation alternative to place Mageia on your hard drive. Live media come with either the Plasma (64-bit), GNOME (64-bit) or Xfce (32 or 64-bit) desktop environments. The Live DVDs contain all supported locales and a preselection of software, making them a quicker way to get started working with Mageia. Note that we added a ''persistence'' feature which allows creation of a partition on a USB stick to store customization of the system which survives after a reboot.<br />
<br />
All ISO images can be burned to a DVD or [[Installation_Media#Dump_Mageia_ISO_on_a_USB_flash_drive|dumped on a USB flash drive]]. Please note the file and device size limits as, for example, a 4 GB ISO image can be too big for some "nominally" 4 GB USB drives, due to their actual capacity being slightly lower than the marketed size.<br />
<br />
For more information, please have a look at our [https://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/Select-and-use-ISOs.html installation media] manual page.<br />
<br />
You will find the different download options on the [https://www.mageia.org/7/ Mageia 7 download page]: direct (FTP and HTTP) and BitTorrent downloads are available.<br />
<br />
== The Mageia online repositories ==<br />
<br />
The software packages that are included in Mageia sit in three different repositories/media, depending on the type of license applied to each package. Here's an overview of those repositories:<br />
<br />
* '''Core''': The Core repository includes packages with free-and-open-source software, i.e., packages licensed under a free-and-open-source license. The set of the "Core" media along with "Core Release" and "Core Updates" are enabled by default.<br />
* '''Nonfree''': The Nonfree repository includes packages that are free-of-charge and free to redistribute, but that contain closed-source software (hence the name - Nonfree). For example, this repository includes NVIDIA and AMD/ATI proprietary graphics card drivers, firmware for various WiFi cards, etc.<br /><br />
The Nonfree media set is enabled by default but can be disabled, if necessary, during the installation.<br />
* '''Tainted''': The Tainted repository includes packages released under a free license. The main criterion for placing packages in this repository is that they may infringe on patents and copyright laws in some countries, e.g., multimedia codecs needed to play various audio/video files; packages needed to play a commercial video DVD, etc.<br /><br />
The Tainted media set is added by default but '''not''' enabled by default, i.e., it's completely opt-in; so, check your local laws before using packages from this repository.<br />
<br />
Please also note that on a 64-bit system, the 32-bit repositories are also added. If the Nonfree or Tainted 64-bit repositories are enabled, the corresponding 32-bit repositories should also be enabled (both in Release and Updates flavors), as they are needed by some packages, such as PlayOnLinux or Steam.<br />
<br />
= Release highlights =<br />
<br />
== ARM support ==<br />
<br />
The ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine) port rebooted during Mageia 6 days has been enhanced.<br />
The core is available for ARMv7 and aarch64.<br />
Support for ARMv5 has been dropped.<br />
<br />
There is no traditional installer for now, and it is still considered experimental, but most of the distribution was built successfully on both architectures (see our [https://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/arm-status.html ARM status overview] for details). The plan is to provide installation images for popular ARM devices in the coming months. There is no ETA for those as of Mageia 7's release.<br />
<br />
= Major developments =<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
=== Stage 1 ===<br />
<br />
* Hardware support was extended to be able to start the installer on very recent computers<br />
* NFS support is done using system tools rather than our 15 years old forked NFS code, thus gaining support for NFSv4 & co...<br />
* Can install from a hard disk formatted in any supported fs rather than just btrfs, ext[2-4], ISO9660, JFS, ntfs, reiserfs, vfat & XFS<br />
* Added support for automatic installation off hard disk, either from ISO or from a distrib tree. Eg:<br />
:: <code>automatic=method:disk,disk:vdb,partition:vdb1,dir:/Mageia/Mga6.iso</code><br />
<br />
=== Stage 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Lots of bug fixes and improvements in the partitioner<br />
<br />
=== Hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* New architectures:<br />
** ARM v5 support has been dropped<br />
** ARM v7 support has been enhanced.<br />
** Aarch64 support is added.<br />
<br />
== Localisation (l10n) / Internationalisation (i18n) ==<br />
<br />
=== Manuals ===<br />
<br />
* The manuals for the traditional installer and for the Mageia Control Center have been (partially) translated into many more languages. See [http://www.mageia.org/doc/ our official documentation]<br />
* An English screenshot is used when a localized screenshot is unavailable for an HTML manual.<br />
* PDF and EPUB manuals are created only when more than half of the needed localized screenshots for those manuals are available.<br />
<br />
=== Software translations ===<br />
<br />
New translations have been added, while others were improved.<br />
Thank you to our dedicated community of translators for your reliable work.<br />
<br />
== Package management ==<br />
<br />
=== New RPM ===<br />
<br />
RPM has been upgraded to version 4.14.2.1.<br />
<br />
RPM 4.14 offers key improvements to RPM as a whole, including:<br />
<br />
* Major revamp of debuginfo packages<br />
* Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to utilize a single codepath<br />
* New SHA256 digests in packages: one for compressed payload alone and one for the header<br />
* Weak dependencies are taken into account when ordering<br />
* Support for a configurable mode to conserve SSD disks<br />
* Support for zstd compression<br />
<br />
More information on changes from RPM 4.13 (which shipped with Mageia 6) to RPM 4.14.2.1 is available from the RPM website:<br />
* RPM 4.14: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.0<br />
* RPM 4.14.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.1<br />
* RPM 4.14.2: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2<br />
* RPM 4.14.2.1: http://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/4.14.2.1<br />
<br />
=== DNF: the alternative package manager ===<br />
<br />
DNF (Dandified Yum) was introduced as an alternative to urpmi since Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
DNF is a next-generation dependency resolver and high-level package management tool that traces its ancestry to two projects: Fedora's YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and openSUSE's SAT Solver (libsolv). DNF was forked from YUM several years ago in order to rewrite it to use the SAT Solver library from openSUSE and to massively restructure the codebase so that a sane API would be available for both extending DNF (via plugins and hooks) and building applications on top of it (such as graphical frontends and system lifecycle automation frameworks).<br />
<br />
DNF comes with enhanced problem reporting, advanced tracking of weak dependencies, support for rich dependencies (see the RPM release notes for more on this), and more detailed transaction information while performing actions.<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with DNF v4.2.2. This version improves DNF over version 2.x in Mageia 6 by rewriting most of the logic from Python to C++ and moving it to the libdnf library for performance. It also introduces support for modules, though Mageia is not currently publishing any modules in its repositories.<br />
<br />
More information on modularity: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/<br />
<br />
DNF release notes: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html<br />
<br />
With fresh installations via the classical and live media, DNF will be installed in parallel with urpmi. Depending on the method used to upgrade to Mageia 7, it may be necessary to install the {{Prog|dnf}} package to have it available.<br />
<br />
For information on how to use DNF, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using DNF]].<br />
<br />
=== AppStream ===<br />
<br />
Our RPM-MD (RPM MetaData) repositories (used by DNF and PackageKit) provide AppStream metadata. Tools like GNOME Software (GNOME Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|gnome-software}}) and Plasma Discover (KDE Plasma Desktop, packaged as {{Prog|discover}}) leverage AppStream metadata to provide a rich experience when searching, identifying, and managing applications.<br />
<br />
AppStream is a cross-distribution effort for enhancing software repositories by standardizing software component metadata. It enables an application-centric view on package repositories and provides specifications for things needed to create user-friendly application centers.<br />
<br />
See the AppStream website for more information: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/<br />
<br />
=== perl-URPM and urpmi ===<br />
<br />
* Doc has been enhanced<br />
* urpmi/perl-URPM support a wider range of rpm versions, from rpm-4.11 to latest 4.14<br />
* Various bug fixes have been made.<br />
<br />
== Tools ==<br />
<br />
=== Mageia Control Center ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
<br />
==== MageiaWelcome ====<br />
The 'Welcome' screen is an application that is presented to users when booting into a fresh installation of Mageia. It has now been entirely reworked to have a linear approach, with successive steps following in a logical order of important things to know and do post-installation. By default, it will run at each subsequent boot, but this behaviour is optional. Even if the auto-run option is disabled - it can be invoked at any time as an application (mageiawelcome).<br />
<br />
Under the hood, it uses Python and QML. It is now resizeable and will use the fonts of the desktop environment.<br />
<br />
==== Isodumper ====<br />
<br />
[[IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks|Isodumper]] is a tool to write ISO images on memory devices. It now uses an improved checking routine after writing operations by looking for a sha512 sum file and corresponding signature. If the sum is found, the application compares the computed sum to the stored one, and additionally indicates if the sum is signed. Another modification is that the application no longer runs with root privileges, but as a user's application - root privileges are requested only when needed (for writing or formatting operations). This should improve the security level. <br><br><br />
We also added a feature in relation to Live images: By ticking a check-box, any remaining space on the device can be designated as a ''persistence'' partition. See [[Installation_Media#Persistence_with_memory_devices|here]] for more information.<br />
<br />
==== Docker ====<br />
<br />
The Docker ecosystem has been augmented (based on the 18.06 version of the engine) with many additional tools such as docker-compose (orchestration with v3 support), containerd (daemon controlling runC), docker-registry (share of images), docker-machine (install docker on a remote system), and python-docker (python 2 and 3 libraries for engine API management).<br />
<br />
==== LiveCD Tools ====<br />
<br />
With Mageia 7, the LiveCD Tools have been rebased to the latest version (v27.0).<br />
<br />
For information on how to use the LiveCD Tools, please refer to the wiki page: [[Using the LiveCD Tools]]<br />
<br />
==== draklive2 ====<br />
<br />
The tool used to build the distribution Live ISOs has been revised to make it easier to use. Several examples are provided to help users build their own customised variants of the Live ISOs. There is now a GUI mode, based on the Mageia classical installer, to support package and locale selection.<br />
<br />
For more information, please refer to the wiki page: [[draklive2]]<br />
<br />
== Base system ==<br />
<br />
=== Kernel and hardware support ===<br />
<br />
* Mageia 7 ships with kernel 5.0.<br />
All hardware managed by this kernel version is enabled. The kernel provides better graphics with Mesa 19.0. <br />
* Other kernel flavors are included, particularly, kernel-tmb and kernel-linus (a vanilla stock kernel without any extra patchset). See the wiki page [[Kernel_flavours]] for more information.<br />
<br />
=== X Window System (X11) ===<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 ships with X.Org 1.20.4.<br />
<br />
=== AMD video drivers ===<br />
* Mageia 7 uses the free video drivers for AMD/ATI graphics cards, AMDGPU for newer cards and Radeon for older graphics cards. The free drivers also use the current Mesa 19.0, provided with Mageia 7. Compared with Mageia 6, hardware support has been increased and performance has been improved.<br />
* The proprietary AMDGPU-PRO driver currently only works with X.org 1.1xx, so it cannot be used in Mageia 7.<br />
* In case of a hybrid card, the solution exposed with the [[#Optimus laptops|nouveau driver]] and the precommand DRI_PRIME=n is also working, at least with the radeon driver.<br />
<br />
=== NVIDIA drivers ===<br />
* The current libre Nouveau drivers are provided. Their performance was greatly improved during Mageia's release cycle, and they might satisfy most owners of Nvidia hardware for casual usage.<br />
* The packages for the latest NVIDIA (long-lived branch, release 418.56 at the time of writing) proprietary drivers are provided in the nonfree media repositories. CUDA 10.1.105 is also included in the same nonfree repositories and can be used out of the box after proprietary drivers are correctly configured.<br />
* For older graphics cards, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers of the 340 and 390 branches are also still provided (390 being supported on x86_64 only).<br />
<br />
==== Optimus laptops ====<br />
Owners of NVIDIA Optimus laptops (integrated Intel graphics processor and discrete NVIDIA GPU) now have three ways to benefit from the power of their discrete GPU:<br />
* The free Nouveau drivers support Prime GPU offloading out of the box, which can be used via the DRI_PRIME=1 environment variable (unless the proprietary NVIDIA driver is in use by, e.g., mageia-prime). Refer to the [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/ Nouveau documentation] to see how to configure Xorg to use NVIDIA Prime with DRI3.<br />
* As in Mageia 6, the [[Bumblebee]] package can be used to bridge the monitor to the NVIDIA GPU, allowing to access its processing power albeit with some overhead.<br />
* A new experimental tool named {{Prog|mageia-prime}} can be used to configure the NVIDIA Prime supported by recent Linux kernels and Xorg servers. It allows to fully switch to using the NVIDIA GPU without the overhead of Bumblebee, and is particularly suited for use with CUDA.<br />
<br />
In all three cases, when configuring the graphics drivers, one must only configure the Intel card (at least in most Optimus configurations), as it is typically the only one physically connected to a monitor.<br />
<br />
=== Bootloaders ===<br />
* For UEFI boot, the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ rEFInd boot manager] is now supported as an alternative to GRUB2.<br />
<br />
== Desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
All the desktop environments mentioned below are included in Mageia's online repositories, and can be installed in parallel on any Mageia 7 system. Some of them are also included on the physical media, LiveDVDs and Classical DVDs, as specified in each section.<br />
<br />
=== Plasma ===<br />
<br />
Plasma, the new desktop environment of the KDE community, is provided in version 5.14 LTS.<br />
<br />
If you want to try Plasma under Wayland, just install plasma-workspace-wayland, and it should appear in your favorite display manager's list of desktop environments.<br />
<br />
The default display manager (DM) for the Plasma environment is SDDM, and replaces the now obsolete KDM.<br />
<br />
Plasma has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== GNOME ===<br />
<br />
GNOME 3.30 is provided. It now defaults to running on Wayland, but also provides an alternative "GNOME on Xorg" session.<br />
<br />
For those preferring the GNOME 2 look and feel, GNOME 3 also provides a "Gnome Classic" session.<br />
<br />
GNOME has a specific 64-bit LiveDVD and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXDE ===<br />
<br />
The very lightweight GTK+2-based desktop environment is still available and continues to receive improvements from upstream and our Mageia maintainer, even though its community has partly refocused on LXQt.<br />
<br />
LXDE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Xfce ===<br />
<br />
Xfce 4.13 is provided. It uses GTK+3 instead of GTK+2 as with Xfce 4.12. If version 4.14 becomes available in the lifecycle of Mageia 7, it will be updated to 4.14.<br />
<br />
Xfce has dedicated 32-bit and 64-bit LiveDVDs and it can also be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== LXQt ===<br />
<br />
LXQt 0.14.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
LXQt cannot be installed out of the box from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer) due to space constraints on the ISOs.<br />
Online media need to be added to enable more options during the initial installation - this is explained in the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/5/en/content/add_supplemental_media.html installer documentation].<br />
<br />
=== MATE ===<br />
<br />
MATE 1.20.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
MATE can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer). Due to DVD space considerations, some applications such as mate-screenshot (screenshot application) are not included in Classical DVD ISO. For a full MATE Desktop experience, users are suggested to install {{pkg|task-mate}} package after initial installation.<br />
<br />
=== Cinnamon === <br />
<br />
Cinnamon 4.0 is provided.<br />
<br />
Cinnamon can be installed from the Classical DVD ISO (traditional installer).<br />
<br />
=== Enlightenment ===<br />
<br />
The Enlightenment task package comes with E22.4 and Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), which includes the previously separate Elementary, Evas-generic-loaders and Evas-generic-players packages. Also included are the connman connection manager for use with the E's Econnman UI, E's Polkit-EFL authentication agent, and three EFL-based applications: the Terminology advanced terminal emulator, the nimble Ephoto image viewer, and the light-weight Rage video player. As with the prior release, Mageia 7 also offers a Mageia-branded theme as the default.<br />
<br />
As always, E does not automatically include the startup applications from /etc/xdg/autostart. After installation, go to Main menu > Settings > Startup Applications and add needed system processes (e.g., a policy kit authentication agent) and desired applications to be started on boot up. If your installation includes the ICE windows manager, you may choose between the MATE authentication agent that comes with it and Polkit-EFL.<br />
<br />
Beginning with E20, Enlightenment's system tray converted from Xembed notifications with SNI appindicator notifications, which is not yet supported by all applications (e.g., Parcellite clipboard manager), while others use plugins (e.g, Pidgin, which has an Ubuntu indicator plugin in the Mageia package to enable systray notifications). <br />
<br />
As of the Beta releases there are three known issues. First, for systems with optical drives, the Enlightenment File Manager (EFM) does not mount them even though disks with and without data can be seen with other file managers. Second, Mageia enables systemd-networkd to manage networking by default. Those who prefer to use connman with the Econnman interface will find it is not always functional (after disabling systemd-networkd and enabling connman), probably as a result of the default wpa_supplicant configuration. (There is a separate, recently-developed wireless gadget for managing multiple backends that is not yet included in the Mageia repositories.) Third, the E17 themes still in the repository do not work with E22. Updated Mageia-branded themes may be packaged in the near future. Additional themes may also be found at https://www.enlightenment-themes.org/.<br />
<br />
=== Light window managers ===<br />
<br />
You can also keep your Mageia 7 installation very light and we provide for this a plethora of small and efficient window managers. You can find afterstep, awesome, dwm, fluxbox, fvwm2, fvwm-crystal, i3, icewm, jwm, matchbox, openbox, pekwm, sugar, swm, and windowmaker. After installation, they appear in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
==== IceWM ====<br />
<br />
You will find now both "icewm" and "icewm-session" in the login menu of your display manager.<br />
<br />
Beginning with IceWM 1.2.13, there is a new binary named "icewm-session". This binary helps you to handle all IceWM subparts (icewmbg, icewm, icewmtray, startup, and shutdown, started in this order). '''Therefore, you should use icewm-session to start a complete IceWM session'''. Choosing "Icewm" will only start the window manager itself.<br />
<br />
== Office apps ==<br />
<br />
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.1. See [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.1 official release notes] for details.<br />
<br />
== Multimedia apps ==<br />
<br />
Since the last patent expired in April, 2017, mp3 encoding is now available in the core media. Tainted media are still needed for H.264, H.265/HEVC and AAC encoding.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
<br />
* Vim has been updated to 8.1<br />
* NeoVim 0.3.1 is also included<br />
<br />
== Games ==<br />
<br />
In the Mageia community, our love for free software extends to open source games. A huge effort has been made during the Mageia 7 release cycle to package many new games, making Mageia 7 a very good platform for intensive and casual gamers alike. You can check Mageia App DB to see a list of [http://mageia.madb.org/package/comparison/release/6/withrelease/7/group/78%2C20%2C64%2C10%2C30%2C46%2C109%2C138%2C74%2C1 all the new and updated games in Mageia 7]. The following section will only give some cherry-picked examples for each game category.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Mageia 7 comes with both old and new versions of [http://gcompris.net/ gcompris]. The old is based on the GTK+ toolkit and has more activities. The new uses Qt and brings some new activities. We were [https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/new-unified-graphics-for-gcompris] among the donors in February, 2015, to improve the graphical interface of this very important project.<br />
<br />
== Software Development ==<br />
<br />
=== Compilers and tools ===<br />
<br />
GCC has been updated to 8.2.1, GDB to 8.2 and Valgrind to 3.14.0.<br />
LLVM has been updated to 7.0.0.<br />
<br />
libvirt 4.8 and virt-manager 2.0<br />
<br />
Firebird has been updated to 3.0.3<br />
<br />
IPython has been updated to 6.3.<br />
<br />
Most libraries were updated to recent stable versions (long-term support when available), such as Qt 5.11.2 and GTK+ 3.22.30.<br />
Tcl/Tk is at version 8.6.8.<br />
<br />
=== Language stacks ===<br />
<br />
Python 3 has been updated to 3.6.6, Python 2 to 2.7.15, and when possible, all Python modules are provided for Python 2 and Python 3.<br />
<br />
Perl has been updated to 5.28.0.<br />
Perl modules are now installed either in /usr/share/per5 (pure perl modules) or /usr/lib(64)/perl5 (binary modules), like Fedora does. Perl version is no more included in the standard path.<br />
<br />
Some important effort has been made to simplify the Java stack which was hard to maintain in Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
Ruby has been updated to 2.5.3.<br />
<br />
Rust is at version 1.30.0. It will be updated during Mageia 7's support life to follow new developments.<br />
<br />
PHP has been updated from 5.6 to 7.3, which gives a performance improvement of about 50%.<br />
<br />
== Miscellaneous ==<br />
<br />
= Upgrading from Mageia 6 =<br />
<br />
{{note|Please also read the [[Mageia_7_Errata#Upgrade_issues|known issues page]], chapter "Upgrade Issues" and the page "[[From Mageia 6 to 7]]" to avoid Upgrade issues.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrading from Mageia 6 is supported, and has been fine-tuned over the past few months, so it should work. But, as always, it is very advisable to '''back up any important data before upgrading''' and make sure you have '''made all updates''' of Mageia 6 (such as rpm and urpmi). Upgrading directly from Mageia 5 or another distribution is not supported.<br />
<br />
If you want to upgrade a 64-bit system, it may contain 32-bit software. This is not a problem provided '''it does not''' include development libraries. You can identify these by the word "devel" in the name. To know if your system houses such libraries you can use the command:<br />
:{{cmd|<nowiki>rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{version}-%{RELEASE}-%{ARCH}\n" |grep i586 |grep devel</nowiki>}} <br />
You must un-install these libraries before upgrading.<br />
<br />
If '''3rd party repositories''', such as Google, have been added during the use of Mageia 6, be sure to make a backup/copy of /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to upgrade from Mageia 6:<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
Warning: Upgrading an existing install using any of the Live images is '''NOT''' supported due to the Live image being copied "as is" to the target system. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:red"><br />
If you want to upgrade a previous Mageia installation which was '''NOT''' in UEFI, towards an UEFI-mode Mageia 7, you have to do a complete installation. Direct upgrade is not supported.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
== Upgrading via the Internet ==<br />
<br />
The Mageia Update notification applet, Mageia Online, '''will notify you''' that a new Mageia release is available, and ask if you wish to upgrade. If you agree, the upgrade will be carried out from within your Mageia installation without any further steps being necessary.<br/><br />
<br />
If you have disabled the applet or it is not automatically running for some reason, you can upgrade manually either using the GUI ({{cmd|mgaonline}}) or the CLI ({{cmd|urpmi}}). Both methods are outlined below.<br />
<br />
Fully update your system and check you have enough free space (at least 2 GB, depending on your configuration) before starting the upgrade.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Use a wired internet connection if possible, especially when you're using nonfree wlan drivers}}<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using mgaonline (GUI) ===<br />
<br />
If Mageia Online does not display a blue icon in the system tray offering you the option to upgrade to the new Mageia release:<br />
<br />
1. Make sure that your system is fully up-to-date by applying all available updates.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/MageiaUpdate.html<br />
<br />
2. In Mageia Control Center - Software Management - Configure Updates Frequency, make sure that the option "Check for newer default releases" is selected.<br />
https://doc.mageia.org/mcc/7/en/content/mgaapplet-config.html<br />
<br />
3. Look in your home folder for a hidden directory, /.MgaOnline. If there is a <br />
file mgaonline in that directory, then delete that file.<br />
<br />
After a reboot, the blue upgrade icon should appear when Mageia Online next checks for updates. <br />
<br />
If Mageia 6 has reached EOL, you will see an orange icon and a pop-up warning that Mageia 6 is no longer supported. <br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can launch the upgrade process by entering in a terminal:<br />
<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:<span style="font-family: courier; color: #7a4707; background-color: #e8e8e8;">mgaapplet-upgrade-helper --new_distro_version=7</span><br />
<br />
It will notify you of the availability of the new Mageia 7 distribution, configure Mageia media sources and start the migration.<br />
<br />
=== Upgrading online, using urpmi (CLI) ===<br />
<br />
This method is useful when the root partition is encrypted as the booted system is already decrypting the partition.<br />
<br />
There are multiple ways of getting a Command Line Interface (CLI).<br />
<br />
The best method for performing an upgrade is to use run-level 3 so that the X server and graphical environment is not running.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the upgrade should be cleaner using run-level 3 than using a terminal application as fewer programs are running which could potentially mess up the upgrade.<br />
<br />
Run-level 3 can be enabled by appending "3" to the kernel command line in grub's menu.lst file and then rebooting the system to get a login prompt.<br />
<br />
It is recommended to run "script upgrade_log.txt" to capture the upgrade messages just in case a failure occurs. Use "exit" to quit out of "script".<br />
<br />
Here are the general upgrade steps:<br />
<br />
* Remove all of the existing media sources on your system by executing this command as root in terminal:<br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi.removemedia -a}}<br />
* Add the Mageia 7 online sources, either:<br />
** Using the MIRRORLIST method (which will select a mirror automatically based on your geographical location):<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib --mirrorlist 'http://mirrors.mageia.org/api/mageia.7.$ARCH.list'}}<br />
*:(urpmi knows what to substitute for $ARCH)<br />
** Using a specific media mirror:<br />
*:{{cmd|su}}<br />
*:{{cmd|urpmi.addmedia --distrib <mirror_url>}}<br />
*:You can get the mirror_url using the [http://mirrors.mageia.org/distrib Mageia mirrors web application].<br />
* Finally start upgrading: <br />
:{{cmd|su}}<br />
:{{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto}}<br />
* It's best to run the above command twice because in the first run some packages may be downloaded but not installed.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It is sometimes a good idea to test the upgrade before carrying it on. <br><br />
With this command: {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all --test}} all the packages are downloaded and the upgrade simulated only. <br><br />
If the result is good, then upgrade for real with the command {{cmd|urpmi --replacefiles --auto-update --auto --download-all}} }}<br />
<br />
== Using the traditional Mageia 7 DVD to Upgrade ==<br />
<br />
You can use the traditional (so, non-Live) Mageia 7 DVD to do clean installs, but also to upgrade from Mageia 6.<br />
<br />
To upgrade:<br />
<br />
* Download the ISO from the Mageia [http://mageia.org/7/ download page] and burn it on a DVD, or dump it on a USB stick. For more details, have a look at this [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Installation_Media Available installation media article].<br />
* Boot the DVD and make sure it booted in the same mode (legacy/BIOS or UEFI) as Mageia 6 was installed in.<br />
* Select "Install Mageia 7" from the GRUB (the bootloader) menu.<br />
* Select the [http://doc.mageia.org/installer/7/en/content/selectInstallClass.html upgrade] option.<br />
<br />
'''It is recommended that the online repositories be set up during the upgrade as the DVD only includes a subset of the complete set of Mageia online repositories.'''<br />
This is especially important if you use important 32-bit packages in an otherwise 64-bit install, because the 64-bit ISO will only contain the 64-bit packages, so the upgrade is likely to fail if you do not add online repositories.<br />
<br />
Moreover, it is possible that a particular Mageia 6 installation may have received an update to a later version of software than that available on the ISO. When this happens, an upgrade may fail to complete. At the time the ISOs are tested, it is impossible to anticipate which Mageia 6 packages may be updated in the future, so offline upgrades (i.e., upgrades attempted without setting up the online repositories) are not supported. <br />
<br />
On the first reboot, use the command '{{cmd|urpmi --auto-update}}' to make [https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5687 sure] all packages were updated.<br />
<br />
= Known issues =<br />
<br />
See the [[Mageia_7_Errata|Errata page]].<br />
<br />
== Obsoleted packages ==<br />
<br />
get-skype is now obsolete, as the classic Skype versions for Linux ceased to be supported by Skype on 1 July 2017.<br />
There is a new web-based Skype version which may be installed directly from the Skype web site by selecting the rpm version<br />
[https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ here]. Note that only 64-bit systems are supported.<br />
<br />
cvsps version 2, which was last updated over ten years ago, is now obsolete. It was used by git-cvsimport from the git-cvs<br />
package. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository, consider using cvs-fast-export.<br />
<br />
== Bug reporting ==<br />
<br />
We have a [https://bugs.mageia.org/ bug tracker], but please read the [[Mageia_7_Errata| Errata]] before reporting any bugs. If you don't already have a Mageia account, you can create one on https://identity.mageia.org/. If you don't know, see [[Bugzilla#How-to_report_a_bug| how to report a bug]].<br />
<br />
== Device names changed for MMC devices ==<br />
<br />
By default, Mageia uses UUIDs for block-devices. It is possible that you deviated from the default and manually changed /etc/fstab to use device names for MMC block-devices. If so, you will have to change this from /dev/mmcblk0 to /dev/mmcblk1. This has changed in Linux kernel 4.14.<br />
<br />
== GNOME on Wayland and su - ==<br />
<br />
Some drak commands previously invoked from a "su -" root terminal no longer presents a user GUI interface, rather a ncurses interface.<br />
if this occurs, exit the ncurses interface, exit the root terminal and re-invoke as normal user terminal the drak command.<br />
a password popup will occur requesting root password and after correct password is entered, the expected GUI interface is presented.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mageia_development]]<br />
[[Category:Mageia 7]]</div>Lpsolithttps://wiki.mageia.org/mw-en/index.php?title=QA_ISO_testers&diff=34604QA ISO testers2017-02-23T22:33:09Z<p>Lpsolit: /* For QA team */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:QA]]<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Please only add your details below if you intend to [[Pre-release_ISO_testing|test development snapshots, stabilisation shaphots, RC pre-release ISOs]] as part of the QA team or as active BugSquad member. You need to also subscribe to the [https://wiki.mageia.org/en/QA_ISO_testers qa-discuss mailing list] if you haven't done so already. It's a good idea to post a message to qa-discuss when you add your name to this list, so the change is noticed.'''<br />
<br />
=Read this before you add yourself to the list=<br />
<br />
<br />
This page is here to help us to keep in touch with you. Sorry for the list of rules but we do have to restrict access to the server.<br />
<br />
<br />
This is a necessary step as pre-release ISOs are not held on a public server, so somebody will need this information to contact you directly with further instructions and download details. Notification of pre-release ISO availability and discussion takes place on qa-discuss.<br />
<br />
<br />
The server is a development server with limited bandwidth, so please do not share the details you will be given with anybody else. Please ensure that you do not inadvertently use them in any public emails, such as those to the mailing list or on any open IRC channel or forum. <br />
<br />
<br />
It is also a good idea, but not mandatory, to leave information about the hardware you use in the [[QA_iso_hardware_list|QA hardware list]]. Please keep this information up-to-date if you choose to do so.<br />
<br />
= The list =<br />
<br />
Please add your details to the end of fourth (for BugSquad members: fifth) list below. <br />
<br />
IRC/Forums nick - Name - email address<br />
<br />
'''Please do not wipe the ones in the first three lists, unless they resigned:'''<br/><br/><br />
<br />
=='''QA-team, Bugsquad and Packaging-team leaders/council representatives:'''==<br />
* MrsB - Claire Robinson - eeeemail at gmail dot com<br />
* davidwhodgins - Dave Hodgins - davidwhodgins at gmail dot com<br />
* lewyssmith - Lewis - lewyssmith_à_onetel_point_com <br />
* wilcal - Bill Kenney - wilcal dot int at gmail dot com<br />
* stormi - Samuel Verschelde - stormi at laposte dot net<br />
* marja - Marja van Waes - marja11 at xs4all dot nl<br />
* akien - Rémi Verschelde - rverschelde@gmail.com<br/><br/><br />
<br />
=='''Desktop environment maintainers:'''==<br />
* KDE - neoclust - Nicolas Lécureuil - neoclust at mageia dot org<br />
* Gnome - ovitters - Olav Vitters - olav at vitters dot nl<br />
* XFCE - wally_ - Jani Välimaa - wally at mageia dot org <br />
* Cinnamon - jquant - Joseph Wang - joequant at gmail dot com<br />
* Mate - tarakbumba - Atilla ÖNTAŞ - tarakbumba at gmail dot com<br />
* LXDE - ns80 - Nicolas Salguero - nicolas dot salguero at laposte dot net<br/><br/><br />
<br />
=='''Important iso bug squashers:'''==<br />
* coling - Colin Guthrie - mageia at colin dot guthr dot ie<br />
* tv - Thierry Vignaud - thierry dot vignaud at gmail dot com <br />
* martinw - Martin Whitaker - mageia at martin-whitaker dot me dot uk <br />
* barjac - Barry Jackson zen25000 (at) zen (dot) co (dot) uk<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
=='''All other active iso-testers:'''==<br />
Adding a separate list for BugSquad iso-testers, because BugSquad needs its members so very badly that avoiding the slightest impression that they're a member of QA team seems needed.<br><br />
--[[User:Marja|marja]] 06:30, 9 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
===For QA team===<br />
* dvg (dvgevers) - Dick Gevers - dvgevers (at) xs4all (dot) nl<br />
* leuhmanu - Manuel Hiebel - manuel.mageia at hiebel dot eu<br />
* eslrahc - Charles A Edwards - cae (at) eslrahc (dot) com<br />
* JC_Stiegler - Jean-Claude Stiegler - jcstiegler (at) free (dot) fr<br />
* Papoteur - papoteur à mageialinux-online.org<br />
* Benmc - westel (at) xtra (dot) co (dot) nz<br />
* stef74 - Stephane Flavigny - megastorage at hotmail dot fr<br />
* treegazer - Paul Blackburn - paul dot blackburn at gmail dot com<br />
* tjandrews - Thomas J. Andrews (TJ) andrewsfarm at gmail dot com<br />
* brian__ - Brian Rockwell - brtians1 at gmail dot com<br />
* tarazed - Len Lawrence - tarazed25 at gmail dot com<br />
* hviaene - Herman Viaene - herman dot viaene at edpnet dot <br />
* /\/\aurice - Maurice Batey - maurice at bcs dot org dot uk<br />
* azziam - Pete Larson - petel123123 at gmail dot com<br />
* tonyb - Tony Blackwell - tablackwell at bigpond dot com<br />
* lebarhon - lebarhon at free dot fr<br />
* Stephane - stephane_oss at net-c dot com<br />
* neoser10 - Mauricio Andres Bustamante - neoser10 at hotmail dot com<br />
* DTux - Daniel Tartavel - contact at librepc dot com<br />
* Bullrich - Gerd Roscher - gerdroscher at gmail dot com<br />
* daviddavid - David Geiger - geiger.david68210 at gmail dot com<br />
* vzawalin1 - Vladimir Zawalinski - vzawalin1 at gmail dot com<br />
* shlomif - Shlomi Fish - shlomif at shlomifish dot org<br />
* alf(alfred__) - Alfred Kretschmer - alfred dot kretschmer at gmail dot com<br />
* luke_nukem - Luke Jones - luke dot nukem dot jones at gmail dot com<br />
* xboxboy - xboxboy.mageia at gmail dot com<br />
* napcok - Daniel Napora - napcok at gmail dot com<br />
* ages - David Remy - dpremy at outlook dot com<br />
* megafab - Fabien Mignotet - mignotet at yahoo dot fr<br />
* pclx - mageia at pmc dot com dot pt<br />
* N9NU/n9nu - Tim Dickerson - n9nu (at) digital-audio-pro (dot) us<br />
* Bequimao - Ulrich Beckmann - bequimao.de at googlemail dot com<br />
* zvonimir/zvonimirfras - Zvonimir Fras - zvonimir at zvonimirfras dot com<br />
* Conan_Kudo/Pharaoh_Atem/Son_Goku (ngompa) - Neal Gompa - ngompa13 a gmail d com<br />
* krisNL - Chris - shybluenight at gmail dot com<br />
* wintpe - Peter - peter dot winterflood at ossi dot co dot uk<br />
* ca-on-adam - Adam Holland - sharpzq4300 (at) gmail dot com<br />
* asirris - Alexander Sirris - asirris at gmail dot com<br />
* lmenut - Luc Menut - lmenut at free dot fr<br />
* linuxero - Muhammad Tailounie - mageia at mtailounie dot net<br />
* Morgano - Morgan Leijström - fri at tribun.eu<br />
* bittwister - Bit Twister - bittwister2 at gmail dot com<br />
* LpSolit - Frédéric Buclin - LpSolit at netscape dot net<br />
<br />
===For BugSquad===<br />
*Chromo - Nic Baxter - nic at nicbaxter dot com dot au</div>Lpsolit